{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005451649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/245296","title":"Dental Caries, and Supragingival Plaque and Calculus among Students, Tanga, Tanzania","display_name":"Dental Caries, and Supragingival Plaque and Calculus among Students, Tanga, Tanzania","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005451649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/245296","mag":"2005451649","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22461985"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5402/2012/245296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/245296","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/245296","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2012/245296.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186271","display_name":"ISRN Dentistry","issn_l":"2090-4371","issn":["2090-4371","2090-438X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISRN Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2012/245296.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013378154","display_name":"Lorna Celia Carneiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9015-3155","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9015-3155"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154840374","display_name":"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/027pr6c67","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154840374"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. C. Carneiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Restorative Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health & Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65451, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","Department of Restorative Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. Box 65451, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health & Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65451, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154840374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. Box 65451, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154840374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067533733","display_name":"Msafiri Nicodemus Kabulwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0263-0033","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0263-0033"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154840374","display_name":"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/027pr6c67","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154840374"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. N. Kabulwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health & Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65014, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health & Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65014, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154840374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013378154"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154840374"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5425,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87290125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2012","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12439","display_name":"Dental Research and COVID-19","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-caries","display_name":"dental caries","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supragingival-plaque","display_name":"supragingival plaque","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-calculus","display_name":"dental calculus","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dmft-index","display_name":"DMFT index","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molar-caries","display_name":"molar caries","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.7910000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.7886384725570679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.6982645392417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.6259649991989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6129549145698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202271784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189218","display_name":"Molar","level":2,"score":0.6008625626564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779914569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143504","display_name":"Dental plaque","level":2,"score":0.5233901143074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.37751469016075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09210723638534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5402/2012/245296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/245296","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/245296","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2012/245296.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186271","display_name":"ISRN Dentistry","issn_l":"2090-4371","issn":["2090-4371","2090-438X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISRN Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22461985","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22461985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISRN dentistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ihi.eprints.org:1485","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ihi.eprints.org/1485/1/Carneiro_and_M._N._Kabulwa.pdf","pdf_url":"http://ihi.eprints.org/1485/1/Carneiro_and_M._N._Kabulwa.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922887","display_name":"IHI Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2319448","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3313561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3313561","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3313561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISRN Dent","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a41b346dc52b4872a3bcb5c8a415d22c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a41b346dc52b4872a3bcb5c8a415d22c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISRN Dentistry, Vol 2012 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5402/2012/245296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/245296","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/245296","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2012/245296.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186271","display_name":"ISRN Dentistry","issn_l":"2090-4371","issn":["2090-4371","2090-438X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISRN Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8700000047683716}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331393","display_name":"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/027pr6c67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331583","display_name":"University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/054tfvs49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2005451649.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2005451649.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99295644","https://openalex.org/W108784916","https://openalex.org/W1506216008","https://openalex.org/W1607909663","https://openalex.org/W1978988530","https://openalex.org/W1981372520","https://openalex.org/W1981859920","https://openalex.org/W1997163049","https://openalex.org/W2022233781","https://openalex.org/W2040252786","https://openalex.org/W2046708186","https://openalex.org/W2051646863","https://openalex.org/W2056626387","https://openalex.org/W2068941837","https://openalex.org/W2090848262","https://openalex.org/W2106160696","https://openalex.org/W2132554789","https://openalex.org/W2132878995","https://openalex.org/W2150882017","https://openalex.org/W2154200081","https://openalex.org/W2158135241","https://openalex.org/W2160514082","https://openalex.org/W2166967068","https://openalex.org/W2266137561","https://openalex.org/W2324534839","https://openalex.org/W2418133981","https://openalex.org/W2431132217","https://openalex.org/W2728017684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2754697109","https://openalex.org/W4390038797","https://openalex.org/W4238742044","https://openalex.org/W2481494875","https://openalex.org/W2065780911","https://openalex.org/W610123486","https://openalex.org/W3150127134","https://openalex.org/W4250334497","https://openalex.org/W3180336185","https://openalex.org/W2954206569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,99],"prevalence":[1],"of":[2,21,29,49,78,83,94,116],"dental":[3,32,84],"caries":[4,33,85,89],"and":[5,8,26,39,51,62,65,86,93,107,121,123],"supragingival":[6,59],"plaque":[7,60,120],"calculus":[9,63,122],"in":[10,68,126],"785":[11],"secondary":[12],"schools":[13],"students":[14,23,57,80,117],"was":[15,44,102],"assessed.":[16],"More":[17],"than":[18,70,76,128],"half":[19,77],"(53.6%)":[20],"the":[22,27,79,95,105,110],"were":[24,35,53,90,109],"caries-free,":[25],"majority":[28,115],"those":[30,87],"with":[31,46,88],"experience":[34,82],"aged":[36],"14-17":[37],"(68.1%)":[38],"females":[40,71,92],"(53%).":[41],"Mean":[42],"DMFT":[43,101],"1.26,":[45],"mean":[47],"D-component":[48],"1.05,":[50],"molars":[52,108],"most":[54,113],"affected.":[55],"Most":[56],"had":[58,81,118],"(74%)":[61],"(56.9%)":[64],"more":[66,124],"so":[67,125],"males":[69,127],"(P":[72],">":[73],"0.05).":[74],"Less":[75],"mostly":[91],"younger":[96],"age":[97],"group.":[98],"low":[100],"contributed":[103],"to":[104],"D-component,":[106],"tooth":[111],"type":[112],"affected.The":[114],"supra-gingival":[119],"females.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}