{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005385615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-828_2","title":"In Sickness and In Wealth: American Hospitals in the Twentieth Century.","display_name":"In Sickness and In Wealth: American Hospitals in the Twentieth Century.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005385615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-828_2","mag":"2005385615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-828_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-828_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-828_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.0178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":214,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99330671,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"114","issue":"9","first_page":"828","last_page":"828"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13896","display_name":"Health Services Management and Policy","score":0.03909999877214432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14130","display_name":"Healthcare, Law, Governance, and Management Studies","score":0.01119999960064888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-hospitals","display_name":"United States hospitals","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voluntary-hospitals","display_name":"voluntary hospitals","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonprofit-hospitals","display_name":"nonprofit hospitals","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-sector","display_name":"hospital industry","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit-maximization","display_name":"profit maximization","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charity","display_name":"charity","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-illness-care","display_name":"chronic care","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-welfare","display_name":"social welfare","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-policy","display_name":"health policy","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/20th-century","display_name":"20th century","score":0.8489999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8696593046188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.33955106139183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3388133943080902}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-828_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-828_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-828_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025094620","https://openalex.org/W2502774938","https://openalex.org/W2943649463","https://openalex.org/W4386130037","https://openalex.org/W7169838417","https://openalex.org/W2406008259","https://openalex.org/W6948082560","https://openalex.org/W2254835368","https://openalex.org/W2085311353","https://openalex.org/W2414238612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"American":[0],"hospitals":[1,53,71],"are":[2,12],"unique:":[3],"a":[4],"combination":[5],"of":[6,23,95,111],"public":[7],"and":[8,16,21,27,32,40,44,82,99],"private":[9],"institutions":[10,20],"that":[11,46],"at":[13],"once":[14],"charities":[15,65],"businesses,":[17],"social":[18,112],"welfare":[19],"icons":[22],"U.S.":[24],"science,":[25],"wealth,":[26],"technical":[28],"achievement.":[29],"In":[30],"Sickness":[31],"in":[33,91],"Wealth":[34],"helps":[35],"us":[36],"understand":[37],"this":[38,48],"huge":[39],"often":[41],"contradictory":[42],"industry":[43],"shows":[45],"throughout":[47],"century":[49],"the":[50,67,74,93,96,100,107],"voluntary":[51],"not-for-profit":[52],"have":[54,61,72,86],"been":[55,87],"profit-maximizing":[56],"enterprises,":[57],"even":[58],"though":[59],"they":[60,85],"viewed":[62],"themselves":[63],"as":[64],"serving":[66],"community.":[68],"Although":[69],"our":[70],"provided":[73],"most":[75],"advanced":[76],"medical":[77],"care":[78],"for":[79],"acutely":[80],"sick":[81],"curable":[83],"patients,":[84],"much":[88],"less":[89],"successful":[90],"meeting":[92],"needs":[94],"chronically":[97],"ill":[98],"socially":[101],"disadvantaged.":[102],"That,":[103],"Stevens":[104],"concludes,":[105],"is":[106],"next":[108],"urgent":[109],"task":[110],"policy.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}