{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005382744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05679320500129045","title":"Resources and armed conflicts","display_name":"Resources and armed conflicts","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005382744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05679320500129045","mag":"2005382744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/05679320500129045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05679320500129045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05679320500129045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184687","display_name":"The Adelphi Papers","issn_l":"0567-932X","issn":["0567-932X","1478-5145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Adelphi Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060565142","display_name":"Philippe Le Billon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-2998","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-2998"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Le Billon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia with the Department of Geography and the Liu Institute for Global Issues","View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia with the Department of Geography and the Liu Institute for Global Issues","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060565142"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33475091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"373","first_page":"29","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12263","display_name":"Peacebuilding and International Security","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-wealth","display_name":"natural resource wealth","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-curse","display_name":"resource curse","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/armed-conflict","display_name":"armed conflict","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-governance","display_name":"natural resource governance","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-dependent-economies","display_name":"resource-based economy","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-vulnerability","display_name":"political vulnerability","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-vulnerability","display_name":"economic vulnerability","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-financing","display_name":"conflict financing","score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rebel-groups","display_name":"rebel groups","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authoritarian-regimes","display_name":"authoritarian regimes","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peacebuilding","display_name":"peacebuilding","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angola","display_name":"Angola","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq","display_name":"Iraq","score":0.9980000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145197507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16963482","display_name":"Endowment","level":2,"score":0.786372184753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780761599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72596","display_name":"Resource curse","level":3,"score":0.781013548374176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188460","display_name":"Natural resource","level":2,"score":0.7168365120887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.6720244288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5832624435424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5519530177116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.54640793800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780273121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109411","display_name":"Curse","level":2,"score":0.5293847918510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776195157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626510","display_name":"Blessing","level":2,"score":0.4591516852378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.45558270812034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4287145137786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.41162630915641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40091586112976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3404175043106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33674949407577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16434365510940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.16104185581207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13377448916435242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/05679320500129045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05679320500129045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/05679320500129045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184687","display_name":"The Adelphi Papers","issn_l":"0567-932X","issn":["0567-932X","1478-5145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Adelphi Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210634162","https://openalex.org/W4252107516","https://openalex.org/W4206315258","https://openalex.org/W2065883971","https://openalex.org/W2017046986","https://openalex.org/W624227909","https://openalex.org/W7096554751","https://openalex.org/W4254259510","https://openalex.org/W7217568926","https://openalex.org/W1591469690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"generous":[1],"endowment":[2],"of":[3,15,35,62,73,86,115],"natural":[4],"resources":[5,67],"should":[6],"favour":[7],"rapid":[8],"economic":[9,58],"and":[10,19,43,59,71,75,102,113],"social":[11],"development.":[12],"The":[13],"experience":[14],"countries":[16],"like":[17],"Angola":[18],"Iraq,":[20],"however,":[21],"suggests":[22],"that":[23,90],"resource":[24,38,81],"wealth":[25],"often":[26],"proves":[27],"a":[28,32,47,105],"curse":[29],"rather":[30],"than":[31],"blessing.":[33],"Billions":[34],"dollars":[36],"from":[37],"exploitation":[39],"benefit":[40],"repressive":[41],"regimes":[42],"rebel":[44],"groups,":[45],"at":[46],"massive":[48],"cost":[49],"for":[50,104],"local":[51,116],"populations.":[52,117],"This":[53],"Adelphi":[54],"Paper":[55],"analyses":[56],"the":[57,69,84,110],"political":[60],"vulnerability":[61],"resource-dependent":[63],"countries;":[64],"assesses":[65],"how":[66],"influence":[68],"likelihood":[70],"course":[72],"conflicts;":[74],"discusses":[76],"current":[77],"initiatives":[78],"to":[79],"improve":[80],"governance":[82],"in":[83,93],"interest":[85],"peace.":[87],"It":[88],"concludes":[89],"long-term":[91],"stability":[92],"resource-exporting":[94],"regions":[95],"will":[96],"depend":[97],"on":[98],"their":[99],"developmental":[100],"outcomes,":[101],"calls":[103],"broad":[106],"reform":[107],"agenda":[108],"prioritising":[109],"basic":[111],"needs":[112],"security":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}