{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005348443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.410127","title":"Enhancing Tourism Industry through Community Participation: A Strategy for Poverty Reduction in Zanzibar, Tanzania","display_name":"Enhancing Tourism Industry through Community Participation: A Strategy for Poverty Reduction in Zanzibar, Tanzania","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005348443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.410127","mag":"2005348443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/jep.2013.410127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.410127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.410127","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=37710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115225164","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Protection","issn_l":"2152-2197","issn":["2152-2197","2152-2219"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environmental Protection","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=37710","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010682690","display_name":"Wakuru Magigi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84641585","display_name":"Sokoine University of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/00jdryp44","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wakuru Magigi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moshi University College of Cooperative and Business Studies (A Constituent College of Sokoine University of Agriculture), Moshi, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moshi University College of Cooperative and Business Studies (A Constituent College of Sokoine University of Agriculture), Moshi, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024720173","display_name":"Haji Ramadhani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84641585","display_name":"Sokoine University of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/00jdryp44","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haji Ramadhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moshi University College of Cooperative and Business Studies (A Constituent College of Sokoine University of Agriculture), Moshi, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moshi University College of Cooperative and Business Studies (A Constituent College of Sokoine University of Agriculture), Moshi, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010682690"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3215,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88644501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"04","issue":"10","first_page":"1108","last_page":"1122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13136","display_name":"Community-based Tourism Development and Sustainability","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13136","display_name":"Community-based Tourism Development and Sustainability","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.01140000019222498,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13502","display_name":"Community and Sustainable Development","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-participation-in-tourism","display_name":"community participation in tourism","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-livelihoods","display_name":"local livelihoods","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-development","display_name":"tourism development","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zanzibar","display_name":"Zanzibar","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-employment","display_name":"tourism employment","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacity-building","display_name":"capacity building","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-engagement","display_name":"stakeholder engagement","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-tourism","display_name":"sustainable tourism","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-barriers","display_name":"language barriers","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.8550950288772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.688337504863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.6166112422943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.5395201444625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.53926682472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5368322730064392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779455803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490933","display_name":"Local community","level":2,"score":0.5252596735954285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.5176635384559631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75545042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350203","display_name":"Tourism geography","level":3,"score":0.4870746433734894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201305675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852998","display_name":"Stakeholder","level":2,"score":0.4719723165035248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.4375409185886383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.28261712193489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.22343844175338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21659061312675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15394166111946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.1301150918006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.09329891204833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/jep.2013.410127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.410127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.410127","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=37710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115225164","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Protection","issn_l":"2152-2197","issn":["2152-2197","2152-2219"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environmental Protection","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.925.3312","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.925.3312","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://file.scirp.org/pdf/JEP_2013101010340282.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/jep.2013.410127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.410127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.410127","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=37710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115225164","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Protection","issn_l":"2152-2197","issn":["2152-2197","2152-2219"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environmental Protection","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9944999814033508,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"},{"score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2005348443.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2005348443.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495055042","https://openalex.org/W1985016754","https://openalex.org/W2142516901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548633355","https://openalex.org/W7064290992","https://openalex.org/W7074118297","https://openalex.org/W15982709","https://openalex.org/W4230038299","https://openalex.org/W2237375501","https://openalex.org/W2922263744","https://openalex.org/W6982432626","https://openalex.org/W2755993187","https://openalex.org/W3208829745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,301],"study":[1,28,79,173],"centred":[2],"on":[3],"understanding":[4],"how":[5,34],"local":[6,35,46,62,126,196,238,268,322],"communities":[7,36,197,239,269,274],"participate":[8,37],"in":[9,12,15,38,49,60,108,116,129,178,185,201,209,218,270,279,287,313,338],"tourism":[10,30,50,58,186,234,254,271,283,294],"industry":[11,31,187],"Bwejuu":[13],"Village":[14],"Zanzibar":[16],"and":[17,33,52,54,69,91,97,113,144,156,162,198,207,265,285,296,326,334,340],"the":[18,27,76,109,117,172,176,205,299,314,330,344],"benefit":[19,298],"they":[20,244],"are":[21,72,104,165,245],"getting":[22],"towards":[23,307],"poverty":[24,163,335],"reduction.":[25],"Specifically,":[26],"identifies":[29],"activities":[32,107,122,295],"improving":[39],"their":[40,293],"livelihoods,":[41],"find":[42],"out":[43],"factors":[44],"influencing":[45],"community":[47,311],"participation":[48,264],"sector":[51,59,319],"lastly,":[53],"identify":[55],"contribution":[56],"of":[57,131,152,160,250,253,267,282,343],"enhancing":[61],"communities\u2019":[63,127,323],"livelihoods.":[64],"Interviews,":[65],"observations,":[66],"documentary":[67],"reviews":[68],"photograph":[70],"taking":[71],"methods":[73],"employed":[74],"to":[75,125,191,195,203,214,262,289,329],"case.":[77],"The":[78,120],"result":[80],"shows":[81],"that":[82,175,232,237,291],"tourist":[83,106,118,121,199],"hotels,":[84],"beach,":[85],"seaweed,":[86],"historical":[87],"building":[88,194],"archives,":[89],"diving":[90],"snorkeling,":[92],"sailing":[93],"boats,":[94],"coral":[95],"reefs":[96],"lagoons":[98],"as":[99,101,211,213,221,247],"well":[100,212],"mangrove":[102],"swamps":[103],"some":[105,166],"settlement.":[110],"Both":[111],"men":[112],"women":[114],"involves":[115],"activities.":[119,255],"noted":[123],"contributing":[124,328],"livelihoods":[128,324],"terms":[130],"employment":[132],"creation,":[133],"leisure,":[134],"income":[135],"generation,":[136],"increased":[137],"government":[138,177],"revenues,":[139],"schooling,":[140],"health,":[141],"house":[142],"construction":[143],"household":[145],"consumption.":[146],"However,":[147],"language":[148],"barriers,":[149],"inadequate":[150],"experience":[151],"operators,":[153],"poor":[154],"education":[155],"training,":[157],"culture,":[158],"commitment":[159],"actors":[161],"level":[164],"constraints":[167],"highlighted.":[168],"Following":[169],"these":[170],"challenges,":[171],"recommends":[174],"collaboration":[179],"with":[180],"other":[181,341],"development":[182,188,286],"partners":[183],"interested":[184],"may":[189],"opt":[190],"ensure":[192,290],"capacity":[193],"operators":[200],"Zanzibar,":[202],"review":[204],"policy":[206],"legislations":[208],"place":[210],"encourage":[215],"stakeholder":[216],"involvement":[217,266],"Tourism":[219],"sectors":[220],"prospects":[222],"for":[223,320],"its":[224],"development.":[225],"In":[226],"conclusion,":[227],"it":[228],"can":[229],"be":[230,241,276],"asserted":[231],"if":[233,243],"developers":[235],"believe":[236],"will":[240,302],"satisfied":[242],"used":[246],"labourers":[248],"instead":[249],"being":[251],"ownership":[252],"Thus,":[256],"there":[257],"is":[258,317],"an":[259],"urgent":[260],"need":[261],"enhance":[263],"sector.":[272],"These":[273],"must":[275],"actively":[277],"involved":[278],"each":[280],"stage":[281],"planning":[284],"order":[288],"all":[292],"products":[297],"residents.":[300],"represent":[303],"a":[304],"significant":[305],"step":[306],"ensuring":[308],"more":[309],"adequate":[310],"participates":[312],"industry,":[315],"which":[316],"essential":[318],"sustainable":[321],"improvement":[325],"thereby":[327],"national":[331],"economic":[332],"growth":[333],"reduction":[336],"agenda":[337],"Tanzania":[339],"countries":[342],"same":[345],"context.":[346]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}