{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005339755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290605900408","title":"The Modes of Participation Revisited, 1980-2004","display_name":"The Modes of Participation Revisited, 1980-2004","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005339755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290605900408","mag":"2005339755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/106591290605900408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290605900408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290605900408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108349823","display_name":"Political Research Quarterly","issn_l":"1065-9129","issn":["1065-9129","1938-274X","1938-2758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000/6036","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074667101","display_name":"William J. M. Claggett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Claggett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037843875","display_name":"Philip H. Pollock","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip H. Pollock","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Central Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.825,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94491462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"4","first_page":"593","last_page":"600"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forms-of-participation","display_name":"forms of participation","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-participation","display_name":"electoral participation","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"voting","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/campaigning","display_name":"campaigning","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/campaign-work","display_name":"campaign work","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/campaign-contributions","display_name":"campaign contributions","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-debate","display_name":"political debate","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-national-election-studies","display_name":"American National Election Studies","score":0.6019999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.7661957740783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781310500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231428","display_name":"Persuasion","level":2,"score":0.6447241306304932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778757428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250464","display_name":"Realm","level":2,"score":0.6060729622840881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.5847434401512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5598207712173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5449198484420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.5040968656539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.42720723152160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3527006506919861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3517773747444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21855014562606812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15484866499900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/106591290605900408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290605900408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290605900408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108349823","display_name":"Political Research Quarterly","issn_l":"1065-9129","issn":["1065-9129","1938-274X","1938-2758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:facultybib2000-7035","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000/6036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Bibliography 2000s","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:scopus2000-9825","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2000/8826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus Export 2000s","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:facultybib2000-7035","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000/6036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Bibliography 2000s","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1665332082","https://openalex.org/W1973589579","https://openalex.org/W2020916989","https://openalex.org/W2025781576","https://openalex.org/W2030741364","https://openalex.org/W2031340404","https://openalex.org/W2035534527","https://openalex.org/W2036149274","https://openalex.org/W2070377243","https://openalex.org/W2082613272","https://openalex.org/W2106605967","https://openalex.org/W2138994871","https://openalex.org/W2144620585","https://openalex.org/W2149608872","https://openalex.org/W2333632593","https://openalex.org/W2573443647","https://openalex.org/W2749930441","https://openalex.org/W2797385136","https://openalex.org/W4246137507","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299927410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089960829","https://openalex.org/W4389581611","https://openalex.org/W2118731511","https://openalex.org/W2070448052","https://openalex.org/W2023165456","https://openalex.org/W153988429","https://openalex.org/W2156124108","https://openalex.org/W2479228471","https://openalex.org/W2055500151","https://openalex.org/W2908143122"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,48],"a":[1,17,67,74,87,100,141],"series":[2],"of":[3,19,32,51,69,110,121,143],"publications,":[4],"Verba":[5],"and":[6,8,21,35,40,60,85,102],"Nie":[7,36],"their":[9],"coauthors":[10],"argued":[11],"that":[12,22,97,134],"participatory":[13],"acts":[14,23],"vary":[15],"along":[16],"number":[18],"dimensions,":[20],"having":[24],"similar":[25],"dimensional":[26,92],"profiles":[27],"would":[28],"constitute":[29,107],"distinct":[30],"modes":[31,109],"participation":[33,122],"(Verba":[34],"1972;":[37],"Verba,":[38,44],"Nie,":[39],"Kim":[41],"1971,":[42],"1978;":[43],"et":[45],"al.,":[46],"1973).":[47],"the":[49,125],"realm":[50],"electoral":[52],"participation,":[53],"these":[54,114],"investigators":[55],"postulated":[56],"two":[57],"modes,":[58],"voting":[59],"campaigning.":[61],"Campaigning":[62],"was":[63],"thought":[64],"to":[65,79,83,104],"encompass":[66],"variety":[68],"behaviors,":[70],"including":[71],"working":[72,98],"for":[73],"candidate":[75],"or":[76],"party,":[77],"trying":[78],"persuade":[80],"someone":[81],"how":[82],"vote,":[84],"making":[86],"campaign":[88,101],"contribution.":[89],"A":[90],"new":[91],"typology,":[93],"presented":[94],"here,":[95],"predicts":[96],"in":[99],"contributing":[103],"political":[105,144],"actors":[106],"separate":[108],"participation.":[111],"We":[112,131],"confirm":[113],"predictions":[115],"by":[116],"performing":[117],"confirmatory":[118],"factor":[119],"analyses":[120],"items":[123],"from":[124],"1980-2004":[126],"American":[127],"National":[128],"Election":[129],"Studies.":[130],"also":[132],"find":[133],"vote":[135],"persuasion":[136],"is":[137],"best":[138],"modeled":[139],"as":[140],"measure":[142],"discussion.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}