{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005335976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.061112.110477","title":"Analytical Evaluation of Fractional Frequency Reuse for Heterogeneous Cellular Networks","display_name":"Analytical Evaluation of Fractional Frequency Reuse for Heterogeneous Cellular Networks","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005335976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.061112.110477","mag":"2005335976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2012.061112.110477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.061112.110477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.061112.110477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.0674","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025254128","display_name":"Thomas David Novlan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas David Novlan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075290390","display_name":"Radha Krishna Ganti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5211-5657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5211-5657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radha Krishna Ganti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Arunabha Ghosh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arunabha Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT and T Laboratories, Austin, TX, USA","AT&T Labs Austin TX USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT and T Laboratories, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs Austin TX USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042833857","display_name":"Jeffrey G. Andrews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-5088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-5088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey G. Andrews","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. &, Comput. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.4432,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":185,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99258453,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"7","first_page":"2029","last_page":"2039"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-frequency-reuse","display_name":"fractional frequency reuse","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-cellular-networks","display_name":"heterogeneous cellular networks","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference-management","display_name":"interference management","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-frequency-reuse","display_name":"soft frequency reuse","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-point-process","display_name":"Poisson point process","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-performance-model","display_name":"analytical performance model","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-edge-coverage","display_name":"cell edge coverage","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tiered-networks","display_name":"tiered networks","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-tier-interference","display_name":"cross-tier interference","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-sharing","display_name":"spectrum sharing","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio","display_name":"SINR","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7346119284629822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.6672804355621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5743824243545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16757284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145117","display_name":"Poisson point process","level":3,"score":0.5290680527687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5257963538169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.4784805178642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985367402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Frequency reuse","level":3,"score":0.46404191851615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.37525853514671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3727513551712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35308200120925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2145981788635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14629510045051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.14454320073127747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11971911787986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcomm.2012.061112.110477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.061112.110477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.061112.110477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196647941","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0090-6778","issn":["0090-6778","1558-0857"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1112.0674","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.0674","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.0674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2951268556","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.0674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1112.0674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1112.0674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1112.0674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1112.0674","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.0674","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.0674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2005335976.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2005335976.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552861460","https://openalex.org/W1974556907","https://openalex.org/W2011220219","https://openalex.org/W2028982652","https://openalex.org/W2041792217","https://openalex.org/W2042348534","https://openalex.org/W2065092668","https://openalex.org/W2076855206","https://openalex.org/W2096536332","https://openalex.org/W2097117157","https://openalex.org/W2105987815","https://openalex.org/W2114539661","https://openalex.org/W2120419969","https://openalex.org/W2121469866","https://openalex.org/W2122496159","https://openalex.org/W2136595898","https://openalex.org/W2139507111","https://openalex.org/W2139961630","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2145873277","https://openalex.org/W2149170915","https://openalex.org/W2152111324","https://openalex.org/W2154217470","https://openalex.org/W2158581494","https://openalex.org/W2158824004","https://openalex.org/W2163135428","https://openalex.org/W2165706200","https://openalex.org/W2166992175","https://openalex.org/W2167340083","https://openalex.org/W2797024182","https://openalex.org/W3105072513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000444236","https://openalex.org/W2384475851","https://openalex.org/W2353602216","https://openalex.org/W2367078749","https://openalex.org/W2381798600","https://openalex.org/W2351618306","https://openalex.org/W2950739675","https://openalex.org/W3149607936","https://openalex.org/W2612834665","https://openalex.org/W1558077575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interference":[0],"management":[1,34],"techniques":[2],"are":[3],"critical":[4],"to":[5,37],"the":[6,82,91,115,123,129,134,144,157,164,168,179,183,194],"performance":[7],"of":[8,24,52,93,117,125,139,146,153,163,170,185,196],"heterogeneous":[9,94],"cellular":[10],"networks,":[11],"which":[12,100],"will":[13],"have":[14],"dense":[15],"and":[16,20,41,43,74,96,110,141,192],"overlapping":[17],"coverage":[18,45,140],"areas,":[19],"experience":[21],"high":[22],"levels":[23],"interference.":[25,165],"Fractional":[26],"frequency":[27],"reuse":[28],"(FFR)":[29],"is":[30],"an":[31,67],"attractive":[32],"interference":[33,187],"technique":[35],"due":[36],"its":[38],"low":[39],"complexity":[40],"overhead,":[42],"significant":[44],"improvement":[46],"for":[47,70,104,122,149],"low-percentile":[48],"(cell-edge)":[49],"users.":[50],"Instead":[51],"relying":[53],"on":[54,58,81,188],"system":[55,105],"simulations":[56],"based":[57,80],"deterministic":[59],"access":[60,175,190],"point":[61,85],"locations,":[62],"this":[63],"paper":[64],"instead":[65],"proposes":[66],"analytical":[68],"model":[69],"evaluating":[71],"Strict":[72,108,118],"FFR":[73,109,119,198],"Soft":[75],"Frequency":[76],"Reuse":[77],"(SFR)":[78],"deployments":[79,95],"spatial":[83],"Poisson":[84],"process.":[86],"Our":[87],"results":[88],"both":[89],"capture":[90],"non-uniformity":[92],"produce":[97],"tractable":[98],"expressions":[99],"can":[101],"be":[102],"used":[103],"design":[106],"with":[107,128,173],"SFR.":[111],"We":[112],"observe":[113],"that":[114],"use":[116,145,152],"bands":[120],"reserved":[121],"users":[124],"each":[126],"tier":[127],"lowest":[130],"average":[131],"\\sinr":[132],"provides":[133],"highest":[135],"gains":[136],"in":[137,167,176,200],"terms":[138],"rate,":[142],"while":[143,159],"SFR":[147],"allows":[148],"more":[150],"efficient":[151],"shared":[154],"spectrum":[155],"between":[156],"tiers,":[158,178],"still":[160],"mitigating":[161],"much":[162],"Additionally,":[166],"context":[169],"multi-tier":[171],"networks":[172],"closed":[174,189],"some":[177],"proposed":[180],"framework":[181],"shows":[182],"impact":[184],"cross-tier":[186],"FFR,":[191],"informs":[193],"selection":[195],"key":[197],"parameters":[199],"open":[201],"access.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}