{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005330198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/a39198","title":"Social and Environmental Shareholder Activism in the Public Spotlight: US Corporate Annual Meetings, Campaign Strategies, and Environmental Performance, 2001\u201304","display_name":"Social and Environmental Shareholder Activism in the Public Spotlight: US Corporate Annual Meetings, Campaign Strategies, and Environmental Performance, 2001\u201304","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005330198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/a39198","mag":"2005330198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1068/a39198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/a39198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/a39198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87933477","display_name":"Environment and Planning A Economy and Space","issn_l":"0308-518X","issn":["0308-518X","1472-3409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111435837","display_name":"Gordon L. Clark","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gordon L Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032835018","display_name":"James Salo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Salo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051395620","display_name":"Tessa M. Hebb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-963X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-963X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tessa Hebb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032835018","https://openalex.org/A5051395620","https://openalex.org/A5111435837"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6293,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96345132,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"6","first_page":"1370","last_page":"1390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12225","display_name":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shareholder-activism","display_name":"shareholder activism","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-activism","display_name":"social activism","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-activism","display_name":"environmental activism","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shareholder-proposals","display_name":"shareholder resolutions","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-investors","display_name":"institutional investors","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"corporate governance","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-performance","display_name":"environmental performance","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shareholder-value","display_name":"shareholder value","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-strategy","display_name":"electoral strategy","score":0.5249999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120757647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381136","display_name":"Shareholder","level":3,"score":0.7548490166664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167037","display_name":"Corporation","level":2,"score":0.723824143409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.6979039311408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141261163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218600","display_name":"Corporate social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.6488666534423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173397126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7489583","display_name":"Shareholder resolution","level":4,"score":0.5391960144042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.47619783878326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779093199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338010","display_name":"Shareholder value","level":4,"score":0.475088506937027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4720894992351532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.4505583941936493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.42393773794174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3131692409515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.23027881979942322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18452614545822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.08343103528022766}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1068/a39198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/a39198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/a39198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87933477","display_name":"Environment and Planning A Economy and Space","issn_l":"0308-518X","issn":["0308-518X","1472-3409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pio:envira:v:40:y:2008:i:6:p:1370-1390","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a39198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:envira:v:40:y:2008:i:6:p:1370-1390","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1068/a39198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:uuid:bb5e590a-8f4b-4f5c-90e2-cf496403958c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a39198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://economics.ouls.ox.ac.uk/12617","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36066415","https://openalex.org/W123370347","https://openalex.org/W278385477","https://openalex.org/W590342557","https://openalex.org/W1483854109","https://openalex.org/W1495861161","https://openalex.org/W1507846642","https://openalex.org/W1548183514","https://openalex.org/W1556397042","https://openalex.org/W1557084995","https://openalex.org/W1595051401","https://openalex.org/W1597587934","https://openalex.org/W1771746179","https://openalex.org/W1831297970","https://openalex.org/W1946729112","https://openalex.org/W1972347729","https://openalex.org/W1978911258","https://openalex.org/W1982098652","https://openalex.org/W1986887612","https://openalex.org/W1990160636","https://openalex.org/W2024456080","https://openalex.org/W2033920100","https://openalex.org/W2034009401","https://openalex.org/W2045371085","https://openalex.org/W2051322354","https://openalex.org/W2052068611","https://openalex.org/W2055828896","https://openalex.org/W2059013532","https://openalex.org/W2063760617","https://openalex.org/W2086702592","https://openalex.org/W2090841340","https://openalex.org/W2092050408","https://openalex.org/W2114505664","https://openalex.org/W2120067590","https://openalex.org/W2125641385","https://openalex.org/W2148667391","https://openalex.org/W2162448899","https://openalex.org/W2166935405","https://openalex.org/W2267103190","https://openalex.org/W2270017042","https://openalex.org/W2313300520","https://openalex.org/W2334600382","https://openalex.org/W2342083395","https://openalex.org/W2484176621","https://openalex.org/W2528832521","https://openalex.org/W2615818706","https://openalex.org/W2796730071","https://openalex.org/W2911480176","https://openalex.org/W2922519225","https://openalex.org/W3121227072","https://openalex.org/W3121950296","https://openalex.org/W3122116838","https://openalex.org/W3122302359","https://openalex.org/W3125242617","https://openalex.org/W3173952852","https://openalex.org/W4206632266","https://openalex.org/W4229998395","https://openalex.org/W4233974807","https://openalex.org/W4235883901","https://openalex.org/W4289253123","https://openalex.org/W4298209999","https://openalex.org/W4302956356","https://openalex.org/W4388082472","https://openalex.org/W4388133129","https://openalex.org/W4388343945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097229961","https://openalex.org/W2030210888","https://openalex.org/W2765088724","https://openalex.org/W1966466119","https://openalex.org/W2788787936","https://openalex.org/W3138100256","https://openalex.org/W2765841936","https://openalex.org/W2021663194","https://openalex.org/W2610764166","https://openalex.org/W2594143772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Held":[0],"in":[1,26,42,47,82],"abeyance":[2],"by":[3],"the":[4,8,11,14,18,21,48,59,83,87,111,120,138,140,179,187,199,210,219,222],"Cold":[5],"War":[6],"and":[7,33,123,146,148,181,186,204],"preeminence":[9],"of":[10,20,30,50,58,86,110,113,126,137,142,151,172,183,221],"nation-state":[12],"over":[13],"past":[15],"fifty":[16],"years,":[17],"legitimacy":[19],"corporation":[22],"is":[23,56,76,132,167,193],"once":[24],"again":[25],"dispute.":[27],"New":[28],"kinds":[29],"private":[31],"agencies":[32],"social":[34,96,162,205],"actors":[35],"have":[36],"emerged":[37],"to":[38,119,178,213],"raise":[39],"questions":[40],"and,":[41],"some":[43],"cases,":[44,72],"intervene":[45],"directly":[46],"governance":[49],"major":[51],"corporations.":[52,128],"Often,":[53],"corporate":[54,98,143,152],"engagement":[55,99],"out":[57,81],"public":[60,78,149],"view\u2014being":[61],"a":[62,77],"conversation":[63],"amongst":[64],"financial":[65,121],"elites":[66],"about":[67],"common":[68],"interests.":[69],"In":[70,93],"other":[71],"however,":[73],"shareholder":[74,115,164,215],"activism":[75],"affair":[79],"played":[80],"full":[84],"glare":[85],"media":[88],"at":[89],"annual":[90],"general":[91],"meetings.":[92],"this":[94],"paper":[95],"activists'":[97,114,163,184],"strategies":[100],"are":[101],"evaluated":[102],"utilizing":[103],"three":[104],"proprietary":[105],"databases":[106],"which":[107],"enable":[108],"analysis":[109],"patterns":[112],"resolutions":[116,165,173,185],"with":[117],"respect":[118],"structure":[122],"environmental":[124],"performance":[125],"target":[127],"An":[129],"analytical":[130],"framework":[131],"introduced,":[133],"referencing":[134],"two":[135],"models":[136],"firm,":[139],"nature":[141,180,220],"assets":[144],"(tangible":[145],"intangible),":[147],"expectations":[150],"performance.":[153],"Utilizing":[154],"Interfaith":[155],"Center":[156],"for":[157,197],"Corporate":[158],"Responsibility":[159],"data":[160],"on":[161,218],"it":[166],"shown":[168,195],"that":[169],"these":[170],"types":[171],"can":[174],"be":[175],"differentiated":[176],"according":[177],"volume":[182],"motive":[188],"forces":[189],"driving":[190],"intervention.":[191],"It":[192],"also":[194],"that,":[196],"all":[198],"differences":[200],"between":[201],"institutional":[202],"investors":[203],"activists,":[206],"they":[207],"may":[208],"share":[209],"same":[211],"approach":[212],"realizing":[214],"value":[216],"depending":[217],"corporation.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}