{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005278953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.01.007","title":"Governance modes for offshoring activities: A comparison of US and German firms","display_name":"Governance modes for offshoring activities: A comparison of US and German firms","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005278953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.01.007","mag":"2005278953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.01.007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.01.007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.01.007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23343376","display_name":"International Business Review","issn_l":"0969-5931","issn":["0969-5931","1873-6149"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Business Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055406002","display_name":"Thomas Hutzschenreuter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-5091","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-5091"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84340266","display_name":"WHU \u2013 Otto Beisheim School of Management","ror":"https://ror.org/01yhahq71","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84340266"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Hutzschenreuter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Corporate Strategy and Electronic Media Management, WHU \u2013 Otto Beisheim Graduate School of Management, Burgplatz 2, 56179 Vallendar, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Corporate Strategy and Electronic Media Management, WHU \u2013 Otto Beisheim Graduate School of Management, Burgplatz 2, 56179 Vallendar, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84340266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105125961","display_name":"Arie Y. Lewin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-135X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-135X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arie Y. Lewin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, 100 Fuqua Drive, Durham, NC 27708, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, 100 Fuqua Drive, Durham, NC 27708, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073417870","display_name":"Stephan Dresel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84340266","display_name":"WHU \u2013 Otto Beisheim School of Management","ror":"https://ror.org/01yhahq71","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84340266"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Dresel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Corporate Strategy and Electronic Media Management, WHU \u2013 Otto Beisheim Graduate School of Management, Burgplatz 2, 56179 Vallendar, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Corporate Strategy and Electronic Media Management, WHU \u2013 Otto Beisheim Graduate School of Management, Burgplatz 2, 56179 Vallendar, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84340266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055406002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84340266"],"apc_list":{"value":4550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.4554,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99266945,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"291","last_page":"313"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11552","display_name":"Global trade, sustainability, and social impact","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offshoring","display_name":"offshoring","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governance-modes","display_name":"governance modes","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-context","display_name":"institutional environment","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-groups","display_name":"reference groups","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-characteristics","display_name":"firm characteristics","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-firms","display_name":"US firms","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-companies","display_name":"German companies","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization","display_name":"internationalization","score":0.7940000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39302471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9051832","display_name":"Offshoring","level":3,"score":0.9389965534210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97509610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141064","display_name":"Internationalization","level":2,"score":0.8197017908096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.6778260469436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6481601595878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.6259969472885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5810590982437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.5250113606452942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.46726909279823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42188045382499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.3777686357498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.25300341844558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.22867199778556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.16749602556228638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1404067873954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.01.007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.01.007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.01.007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23343376","display_name":"International Business Review","issn_l":"0969-5931","issn":["0969-5931","1873-6149"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Business Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:iburev:v:20:y:2011:i:3:p:291-313","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969593111000084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1293246","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1293246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":147,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24310794","https://openalex.org/W113700356","https://openalex.org/W193648504","https://openalex.org/W216557114","https://openalex.org/W266848492","https://openalex.org/W278537460","https://openalex.org/W655784986","https://openalex.org/W1253826529","https://openalex.org/W1483263499","https://openalex.org/W1483750279","https://openalex.org/W1487453599","https://openalex.org/W1505996255","https://openalex.org/W1548931286","https://openalex.org/W1550812296","https://openalex.org/W1554940969","https://openalex.org/W1560868163","https://openalex.org/W1566172004","https://openalex.org/W1583653870","https://openalex.org/W1604862564","https://openalex.org/W1606540910","https://openalex.org/W1923879643","https://openalex.org/W1965278510","https://openalex.org/W1973114563","https://openalex.org/W1974397356","https://openalex.org/W1978311462","https://openalex.org/W1978520318","https://openalex.org/W1979511006","https://openalex.org/W1981131227","https://openalex.org/W1981684318","https://openalex.org/W1983177532","https://openalex.org/W1990460601","https://openalex.org/W1990631438","https://openalex.org/W1991136940","https://openalex.org/W1992324015","https://openalex.org/W1993663609","https://openalex.org/W1997328790","https://openalex.org/W1998884695","https://openalex.org/W2001035082","https://openalex.org/W2001786781","https://openalex.org/W2003409134","https://openalex.org/W2005601616","https://openalex.org/W2006459195","https://openalex.org/W2008963784","https://openalex.org/W2009193581","https://openalex.org/W2009818114","https://openalex.org/W2010712848","https://openalex.org/W2012608001","https://openalex.org/W2016584436","https://openalex.org/W2019027350","https://openalex.org/W2022022215","https://openalex.org/W2023878058","https://openalex.org/W2027125754","https://openalex.org/W2027891360","https://openalex.org/W2028333190","https://openalex.org/W2031146292","https://openalex.org/W2031513649","https://openalex.org/W2032578483","https://openalex.org/W2034043373","https://openalex.org/W2036333055","https://openalex.org/W2036522199","https://openalex.org/W2037894668","https://openalex.org/W2039754299","https://openalex.org/W2042008766","https://openalex.org/W2044758663","https://openalex.org/W2045765651","https://openalex.org/W2045980827","https://openalex.org/W2048055926","https://openalex.org/W2048059930","https://openalex.org/W2050766092","https://openalex.org/W2052006662","https://openalex.org/W2061022497","https://openalex.org/W2061734164","https://openalex.org/W2065237586","https://openalex.org/W2065611358","https://openalex.org/W2067112134","https://openalex.org/W2069268920","https://openalex.org/W2072975039","https://openalex.org/W2073754343","https://openalex.org/W2077908007","https://openalex.org/W2078544501","https://openalex.org/W2080633489","https://openalex.org/W2082102453","https://openalex.org/W2082878461","https://openalex.org/W2085234939","https://openalex.org/W2085563972","https://openalex.org/W2089253889","https://openalex.org/W2089295019","https://openalex.org/W2089402107","https://openalex.org/W2089790715","https://openalex.org/W2091700379","https://openalex.org/W2098851850","https://openalex.org/W2100087827","https://openalex.org/W2100395418","https://openalex.org/W2101339103","https://openalex.org/W2101919770","https://openalex.org/W2111135535","https://openalex.org/W2118054970","https://openalex.org/W2122929840","https://openalex.org/W2123162799","https://openalex.org/W2123709218","https://openalex.org/W2127145452","https://openalex.org/W2128342875","https://openalex.org/W2129831308","https://openalex.org/W2132223925","https://openalex.org/W2132768431","https://openalex.org/W2137358449","https://openalex.org/W2137794990","https://openalex.org/W2138541670","https://openalex.org/W2139474918","https://openalex.org/W2144643403","https://openalex.org/W2150096252","https://openalex.org/W2155888027","https://openalex.org/W2157300266","https://openalex.org/W2162186885","https://openalex.org/W2164203096","https://openalex.org/W2236477323","https://openalex.org/W2316966198","https://openalex.org/W2320932133","https://openalex.org/W2326945647","https://openalex.org/W2505037957","https://openalex.org/W2524218442","https://openalex.org/W2565532357","https://openalex.org/W2642534790","https://openalex.org/W2769911796","https://openalex.org/W2796445405","https://openalex.org/W2811485533","https://openalex.org/W2902261726","https://openalex.org/W2902541865","https://openalex.org/W2954807390","https://openalex.org/W2973282358","https://openalex.org/W3021840452","https://openalex.org/W3023218270","https://openalex.org/W3023868255","https://openalex.org/W3114599393","https://openalex.org/W3122794957","https://openalex.org/W3123282572","https://openalex.org/W3123487730","https://openalex.org/W3123675032","https://openalex.org/W3142013430","https://openalex.org/W4230659750","https://openalex.org/W4234482624","https://openalex.org/W4235413920","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4320162683","https://openalex.org/W4388113610","https://openalex.org/W6634024652","https://openalex.org/W6690006582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016584436","https://openalex.org/W2027134399","https://openalex.org/W2897791855","https://openalex.org/W1565802570","https://openalex.org/W2518594517","https://openalex.org/W266360020","https://openalex.org/W3015289285","https://openalex.org/W4221079135","https://openalex.org/W2288576363","https://openalex.org/W942255557"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
