{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005271671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.1991.tb00334.x","title":"Pulsed Carbon Dioxide Laser for Cartilage Vaporization and Subchondral Bone Perforation in Horses Part I: Technique and Clinical Results","display_name":"Pulsed Carbon Dioxide Laser for Cartilage Vaporization and Subchondral Bone Perforation in Horses Part I: Technique and Clinical Results","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005271671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.1991.tb00334.x","mag":"2005271671","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1853552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.1991.tb00334.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.1991.tb00334.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.1991.tb00334.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191178954","display_name":"Veterinary Surgery","issn_l":"0161-3499","issn":["0161-3499","1532-950X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Veterinary Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011458514","display_name":"JEROME E. ROTH","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JEROME E. ROTH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville","*Deceased","Department of Surgical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Deceased","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000917594","display_name":"Alan J. Nixon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-0682","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-0682"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151139","display_name":"New York State College of Veterinary Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04r17kf39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4210151139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"ALAN J. NIXON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4210151139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024008097","display_name":"VALERIE A. GANTZ","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"VALERIE A. GANTZ","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108420319","display_name":"DENNIS MEYER","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DENNIS MEYER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033619453","display_name":"Hussni Omar Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-2168","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-2168"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151139","display_name":"New York State College of Veterinary Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04r17kf39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4210151139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HUSSNI MOHAMMED","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4210151139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000917594"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4210151139"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5973,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77947295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"190","last_page":"199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10872","display_name":"Veterinary Equine Medical Research","score":0.6317999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3402","display_name":"Equine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10872","display_name":"Veterinary Equine Medical Research","score":0.6317999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3402","display_name":"Equine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10105","display_name":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","score":0.11069999635219574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12249","display_name":"Veterinary Orthopedics and Neurology","score":0.10750000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-laser","display_name":"CO2 laser","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsed-laser","display_name":"pulsed laser","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horses","display_name":"horses","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intercarpal-joint","display_name":"intercarpal joint","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arthroscopic-surgery","display_name":"arthroscopic surgery","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synovitis","display_name":"synovitis","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lameness","display_name":"lameness","score":0.9539999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9196965098381042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780550940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502730","display_name":"Cartilage","level":2,"score":0.6553941965103149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195801359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6452502","display_name":"Vaporization","level":2,"score":0.6512773036956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1508510","display_name":"Perforation","level":3,"score":0.5916607975959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018615303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801229","display_name":"Subchondral bone","level":5,"score":0.5840522646903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780902700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362150","display_name":"Carbon dioxide laser","level":4,"score":0.5569837093353271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020332539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2014564","display_name":"Articular cartilage","level":4,"score":0.48594844341278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.3573186993598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.2680317163467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.21533575654029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776829320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847796","display_name":"Laser surgery","level":3,"score":0.115224689245224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.10729068517684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776164576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62736","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","level":3,"score":0.10545068979263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.105348140001297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11750728","display_name":"Punching","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001842","descriptor_name":"Bone and Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001842","descriptor_name":"Bone and Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001842","descriptor_name":"Bone and Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002350","descriptor_name":"Carpus, Animal","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002350","descriptor_name":"Carpus, Animal","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002350","descriptor_name":"Carpus, Animal","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002358","descriptor_name":"Cartilage, Articular","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002358","descriptor_name":"Cartilage, Articular","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002358","descriptor_name":"Cartilage, Articular","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004906","descriptor_name":"Erythrocyte Count","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004906","descriptor_name":"Erythrocyte Count","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004906","descriptor_name":"Erythrocyte Count","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006736","descriptor_name":"Horses","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006736","descriptor_name":"Horses","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006736","descriptor_name":"Horses","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006820","descriptor_name":"Hyaluronic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006820","descriptor_name":"Hyaluronic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006820","descriptor_name":"Hyaluronic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011183","descriptor_name":"Postoperative Complications","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011183","descriptor_name":"Postoperative Complications","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011183","descriptor_name":"Postoperative Complications","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013582","descriptor_name":"Synovial Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013582","descriptor_name":"Synovial Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013582","descriptor_name":"Synovial Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013582","descriptor_name":"Synovial Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013582","descriptor_name":"Synovial Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013582","descriptor_name":"Synovial Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014835","descriptor_name":"Volatilization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014835","descriptor_name":"Volatilization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014835","descriptor_name":"Volatilization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053685","descriptor_name":"Laser Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053685","descriptor_name":"Laser Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053685","descriptor_name":"Laser Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.1991.tb00334.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.1991.tb00334.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.1991.tb00334.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191178954","display_name":"Veterinary Surgery","issn_l":"0161-3499","issn":["0161-3499","1532-950X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Veterinary Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1853552","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1853552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Veterinary surgery : VS","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41088140","https://openalex.org/W119870277","https://openalex.org/W1978817127","https://openalex.org/W1981081073","https://openalex.org/W1991918570","https://openalex.org/W2009345043","https://openalex.org/W2014230665","https://openalex.org/W2015170739","https://openalex.org/W2015869735","https://openalex.org/W2018334453","https://openalex.org/W2021094014","https://openalex.org/W2026894311","https://openalex.org/W2038019603","https://openalex.org/W2044216641","https://openalex.org/W2045039583","https://openalex.org/W2045096114","https://openalex.org/W2045688549","https://openalex.org/W2066045775","https://openalex.org/W2081488580","https://openalex.org/W2092983822","https://openalex.org/W2116088023","https://openalex.org/W2119759524","https://openalex.org/W2131343023","https://openalex.org/W2135586947","https://openalex.org/W2159236742","https://openalex.org/W2163428260","https://openalex.org/W2303436658","https://openalex.org/W2323218159","https://openalex.org/W2401878426","https://openalex.org/W2414851840","https://openalex.org/W2414975742","https://openalex.org/W2416767871","https://openalex.org/W2438966765","https://openalex.org/W3167103983","https://openalex.org/W3195789071","https://openalex.org/W4251543027","https://openalex.org/W4252440578","https://openalex.org/W4317524248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069940075","https://openalex.org/W1981081073","https://openalex.org/W2077857408","https://openalex.org/W2017369893","https://openalex.org/W1996265496","https://openalex.org/W299942468","https://openalex.org/W2058987231","https://openalex.org/W2124935046","https://openalex.org/W2792251981","https://openalex.org/W1967740079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"carbon":[1,31,155,196,221],"dioxide":[2,32,156,222],"laser,":[3],"used":[4],"in":[5,15,51,104,168,188,199,209,237,252],"a":[6,20,29,46,189,194,215,225],"rapidly":[7],"pulsed":[8],"mode,":[9],"was":[10,34,53,76,107,124],"evaluated":[11,138],"for":[12,118,140,229],"intra-articular":[13,227],"use":[14],"horses.":[16,42],"Under":[17],"arthroscopic":[18,110],"guidance,":[19],"lensed":[21],"5":[22],"mm":[23],"laser":[24,33,75,116,123,157,223],"probe":[25,117],"attached":[26],"directly":[27],"to":[28,55,79,90,109,205,249],"hand-held":[30],"inserted":[35],"into":[36],"one":[37],"intercarpal":[38,98],"joint":[39,99],"of":[40,58,62,66,83,100,114,231,240],"eight":[41],"In":[43,71],"four":[44,72],"horses,":[45,73],"cartilage":[47,93,159,232],"crater":[48],"1":[49],"cm":[50],"diameter":[52],"created":[54],"the":[56,59,63,67,74,80,84,92,101,115,146,182,202],"level":[57],"subchondral":[60,95,253],"bone":[61,87,163,247],"articular":[64,81],"surface":[65,82],"third":[68,85],"carpal":[69,86],"bone.":[70,96],"directed":[77],"perpendicular":[78],"and":[88,94,112,127,145,152,198,214,233],"activated":[89,126],"penetrate":[91,246],"The":[97,122,135,220],"opposite":[102],"carpus":[103],"each":[105],"horse":[106],"subjected":[108],"examination":[111],"insertion":[113],"an":[119],"equivalent":[120],"time.":[121],"not":[125,245],"these":[128],"joints":[129,147],"served":[130],"as":[131],"sham":[132,183],"operated":[133],"controls.":[134],"horses":[136],"were":[137,148],"clinically":[139],"8":[141],"weeks,":[142],"then":[143],"euthanatized,":[144],"examined":[149],"radiographically,":[150],"grossly,":[151],"histologically.":[153],"Pulsed":[154],"vaporized":[158],"readily":[160],"but":[161,217],"penetrated":[162],"poorly.":[164],"Cartilage":[165],"vaporization":[166],"resulted":[167,187,208],"no":[169],"greater":[170],"swelling,":[171,211],"heat,":[172],"pain":[173],"on":[174],"flexion,":[175],"lameness,":[176],"or":[177],"synovial":[178],"fluid":[179],"reaction":[180],"than":[181],"procedure.":[184],"Laser":[185],"drilling":[186],"shallow,":[190],"charred":[191],"hole":[192],"with":[193,201],"tenacious":[195],"residue,":[197],"combination":[200],"thermal":[203],"damage":[204],"deeper":[206],"bone,":[207],"increased":[210],"mild":[212],"lameness":[213],"low-grade,":[216],"persistent":[218],"synovitis.":[219],"is":[224],"useful":[226],"instrument":[228],"removal":[230],"has":[234],"potential":[235],"application":[236,251],"inaccessible":[238],"regions":[239],"diarthrodial":[241],"joints.":[242],"It":[243],"does":[244],"sufficiently":[248],"have":[250],"drilling.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}