{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005267223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027947","title":"Improving the past and the future: A temporal asymmetry in hypothetical thinking.","display_name":"Improving the past and the future: A temporal asymmetry in hypothetical thinking.","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005267223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027947","mag":"2005267223","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22468671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/a0027947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62013203","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology General","issn_l":"0096-3445","issn":["0096-3445","1939-2222"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001156455","display_name":"Donatella Ferrante","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4304-5087","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4304-5087"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donatella Ferrante","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Sant\u2019Anastasio 12, 34134 Trieste, Italy. ferrante@units.it","Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy -"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Sant\u2019Anastasio 12, 34134 Trieste, Italy. ferrante@units.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy -","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001488994","display_name":"Vittorio Girotto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11986463","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Iuav di Venezia","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6ksd91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11986463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vittorio Girotto","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Design and Arts, University IUAV of Venice, Venice, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Design and Arts, University IUAV of Venice, Venice, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11986463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018337757","display_name":"Marta Strag\u00e0","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2807-0628","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2807-0628"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Strag\u00e0","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy -"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy -","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069706984","display_name":"Clare R. Walsh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","display_name":"University of Plymouth","ror":"https://ror.org/008n7pv89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clare Walsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, University of Plymouth , Plymouth, United Kingdom "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, University of Plymouth , Plymouth, United Kingdom ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.74,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82492058,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"142","issue":"1","first_page":"23","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.54830002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.54830002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.305400013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11983","display_name":"Identity, Memory, and Therapy","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothetical-reasoning","display_name":"hypothetical reasoning","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"counterfactual reasoning","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-asymmetry","display_name":"time asymmetry","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imagination-of-the-future","display_name":"future imagination","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncontrollable-factors","display_name":"uncontrollable factors","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllable-factors","display_name":"controllable factors","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reality-check","display_name":"reality check","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-emotions","display_name":"counterfactual emotions","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.9755897521972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135068731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1169049","display_name":"The Imaginary","level":2,"score":0.7438047528266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5360749959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5344808101654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5264540314674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161167727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6111847","display_name":"Vertical thinking","level":5,"score":0.49099257588386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.43888431787490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4132468104362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.33003267645835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171560490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3374857","display_name":"Convergent thinking","level":4,"score":0.31515318155288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2913089990615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.13395583629608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988206411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creative thinking","level":3,"score":0.10195603966712952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1010841429233551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.09251827001571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0623382031917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013850","descriptor_name":"Thinking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/a0027947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62013203","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology General","issn_l":"0096-3445","issn":["0096-3445","1939-2222"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22468671","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22468671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of experimental psychology. General","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.iuav.it:11578/27261","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11578/27261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400547","display_name":"AirIuav (Universit\u00e0 Iuav di Venezia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11986463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e0 Iuav di Venezia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11986463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arts.units.it:11368/2563396","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2563396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400480","display_name":"ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","host_organization_name":"University of Trieste","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516436026","https://openalex.org/W1555731215","https://openalex.org/W1974758327","https://openalex.org/W1983652442","https://openalex.org/W1985673444","https://openalex.org/W2031233243","https://openalex.org/W2034324928","https://openalex.org/W2037444091","https://openalex.org/W2054734057","https://openalex.org/W2061671146","https://openalex.org/W2070332757","https://openalex.org/W2080920539","https://openalex.org/W2081099883","https://openalex.org/W2084339525","https://openalex.org/W2119101861","https://openalex.org/W2126569494","https://openalex.org/W2134316004","https://openalex.org/W2148878563","https://openalex.org/W2157050842","https://openalex.org/W2162605826","https://openalex.org/W2259356516","https://openalex.org/W3123356387","https://openalex.org/W3123882065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2564889467","https://openalex.org/W6906454302","https://openalex.org/W3087343106","https://openalex.org/W3207230350","https://openalex.org/W3165641395","https://openalex.org/W112039433","https://openalex.org/W7034544162","https://openalex.org/W652090619","https://openalex.org/W2539402258","https://openalex.org/W3213444342"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"views":[1],"of":[2,10,31,52,80],"hypothetical":[3],"thinking":[4,108],"implicitly":[5],"assume":[6],"that":[7,102],"the":[8,14,20,27,62],"content":[9],"imaginary":[11],"thoughts":[12,47,75],"about":[13],"past":[15,38],"and":[16,116],"future":[17,33],"should":[18],"be":[19,87,110],"same.":[21],"Two":[22],"experiments":[23],"show":[24],"that,":[25],"given":[26],"same":[28],"experienced":[29],"facts":[30],"reality,":[32],"imagination":[34],"may":[35,109],"differ":[36],"from":[37],"reconstruction.":[39],"When":[40],"participants":[41],"failed":[42],"a":[43],"task,":[44],"their":[45,53,73,81],"counterfactual":[46,107],"focused":[48,76],"on":[49,77],"uncontrollable":[50],"features":[51,79],"attempt":[54],"(e.g.,":[55,84],"\"Things":[56,85],"would":[57],"have":[58],"been":[59],"better":[60,69,88],"if":[61,91],"allocated":[63],"time":[64,90],"were":[65],"longer/if":[66],"I":[67,92,95],"had":[68],"logic":[70],"skills\").":[71],"But":[72],"prefactual":[74,105],"controllable":[78],"ensuing":[82],"endeavor":[83],"will":[86],"next":[89],"concentrate":[93],"more/if":[94],"use":[96],"another":[97],"strategy\").":[98],"This":[99],"finding":[100],"suggests":[101],"compared":[103],"with":[104],"thinking,":[106],"less":[111,117],"subject":[112],"to":[113,119],"reality":[114],"checks":[115],"likely":[118],"serve":[120],"preparatory":[121],"goals.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
