{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005250061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9442.00184","title":"R&D, Human Capital and International Technology Spillovers: A Cross\u2010country Analysis","display_name":"R&D, Human Capital and International Technology Spillovers: A Cross\u2010country Analysis","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005250061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9442.00184","mag":"2005250061"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1467-9442.00184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9442.00184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9442.00184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165253824","display_name":"Scandinavian Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0347-0520","issn":["0347-0520","1467-9442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Scandinavian Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062707876","display_name":"Dirk J. Frantzen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Frantzen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Free University of Brussels (VUB), Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University of Brussels (VUB), Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062707876"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"apc_list":{"value":3470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3470},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.2151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":149,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97967717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"102","issue":"1","first_page":"57","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-and-development","display_name":"research and development","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-technology-spillovers","display_name":"international technology spillovers","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-driven-development","display_name":"innovation-driven development","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-growth","display_name":"productivity growth","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-r-d","display_name":"domestic R&D","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-r-d","display_name":"foreign R&D","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catch-up","display_name":"catching up","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oecd-countries","display_name":"OECD countries","score":0.8299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7848467826843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.7244636416435242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202269582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2644277","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.7220518589019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.552341878414154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24649204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3656853","display_name":"Capital deepening","level":5,"score":0.5125157833099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992355350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353333","display_name":"Cross country","level":2,"score":0.4484262764453888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.3792989253997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3563311696052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167562979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271857","display_name":"Classical economics","level":1,"score":0.32243597507476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3207637667655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.29138892889022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44750222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897397","display_name":"Financial capital","level":3,"score":0.2881895899772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58202505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035700","display_name":"Capital formation","level":4,"score":0.2501864731311798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.15547773241996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1467-9442.00184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9442.00184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9442.00184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165253824","display_name":"Scandinavian Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0347-0520","issn":["0347-0520","1467-9442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Scandinavian Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7825999855995178,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488877466","https://openalex.org/W1528124297","https://openalex.org/W1563358119","https://openalex.org/W2004350772","https://openalex.org/W2013234672","https://openalex.org/W2088314549","https://openalex.org/W2108446661","https://openalex.org/W2110603299","https://openalex.org/W2125331782","https://openalex.org/W2131517300","https://openalex.org/W2146411203","https://openalex.org/W2297237674","https://openalex.org/W2891943661","https://openalex.org/W3023906401","https://openalex.org/W3121420420","https://openalex.org/W3123590692","https://openalex.org/W3124505468","https://openalex.org/W3125042218"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523247904","https://openalex.org/W2004350772","https://openalex.org/W4210514759","https://openalex.org/W7111689671","https://openalex.org/W1995966407","https://openalex.org/W2072722245","https://openalex.org/W1508814441","https://openalex.org/W1999776616","https://openalex.org/W2002725140","https://openalex.org/W2583884753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"is":[2,85,110],"based":[3],"on":[4,51],"recent":[5],"developments":[6],"in":[7,44,48],"the":[8,16,33,58,62,115],"theory":[9],"of":[10,18,42,54,77,91,99,112],"innovation\u2010driven":[11],"growth":[12,45,97,107],"that":[13],"emphasize":[14],"both":[15,78],"importance":[17],"R&D":[19,36],"efforts":[20],"\u2014":[21,27],"domestic":[22,79],"as":[23,25],"well":[24],"foreign":[26,81],"for":[28],"explaining":[29],"national":[30],"productivity,":[31],"and":[32,37,47,80,96,108],"complementarity":[34],"between":[35],"human":[38,92,100],"capital":[39,101],"investments.":[40],"Estimates":[41],"specifications,":[43],"terms":[46],"level":[49,95],"terms,":[50],"a":[52,74,87],"cross\u2010section":[53],"OECD":[55],"countries":[56],"from":[57],"early":[59,63],"1960s":[60],"to":[61,68,104],"1990s":[64],"lend":[65],"strong":[66],"support":[67],"this":[69],"thesis.":[70],"The":[71,94],"data":[72],"show":[73],"significant":[75],"influence":[76],"R&D.":[82],"Moreover,":[83],"there":[84,109],"clearly":[86],"net":[88],"positive":[89],"impact":[90],"capital.":[93],"rate":[98],"are":[102],"shown":[103],"affect":[105],"productivity":[106],"evidence":[111],"interaction":[113],"with":[114],"catch\u2010up":[116],"process.":[117],"JEL":[118],"classification:":[119],"O33;":[120],"O47":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}