{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005244417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.01.002","title":"Anatomy of a mass extinction: Sedimentological and taphonomic evidence for drought-induced die-offs at the Permo-Triassic boundary in the main Karoo Basin, South Africa","display_name":"Anatomy of a mass extinction: Sedimentological and taphonomic evidence for drought-induced die-offs at the Permo-Triassic boundary in the main Karoo Basin, South Africa","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005244417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.01.002","mag":"2005244417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.01.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.01.002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.01.002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159210951","display_name":"Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology","issn_l":"0031-0182","issn":["0031-0182","1872-616X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034011684","display_name":"Roger M. H. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6806-1983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6806-1983"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799428867","display_name":"Iziko Museums of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/03xzjnp53","country_code":"ZA","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799428867"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roger M.H. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences, Hosted by the University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa","Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa","Iziko South African Museum, PO Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences, Hosted by the University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iziko South African Museum, PO Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799428867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043860004","display_name":"Jennifer Botha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-9334","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-9334"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26999989","display_name":"University of the Free State","ror":"https://ror.org/009xwd568","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088520","display_name":"National Museum","ror":"https://ror.org/004qfqh71","country_code":"ZA","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088520"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Botha-Brink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences, Hosted by the University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa","Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa","National Museum, PO Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences, Hosted by the University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Museum, PO Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088520"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034011684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274","https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I2799428867"],"apc_list":{"value":3210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3210},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.9976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":203,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99532925,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"396","issue":null,"first_page":"99","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10109","display_name":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10109","display_name":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10955","display_name":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","score":0.08489999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11354","display_name":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","score":0.012000000104308128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permian-triassic-boundary","display_name":"Permian-Triassic boundary","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-extinction","display_name":"mass extinction","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drought","display_name":"drought","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapsida","display_name":"Therapsida","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karoo-basin","display_name":"Karoo Basin","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taphonomy","display_name":"taphonomy","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sedimentology","display_name":"sedimentology","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event-beds","display_name":"event beds","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dicynodonts","display_name":"dicynodonts","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monsoon-rainfall","display_name":"monsoon rainfall","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aridity","display_name":"aridity","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-vertebrates","display_name":"fossil vertebrates","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratigraphic-resolution","display_name":"stratigraphic resolution","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleoclimate","display_name":"paleoclimate","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permian-triassic-transition","display_name":"Permian-Triassic transition","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleoecology","display_name":"paleoecology","score":0.3269999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.8364219069480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.7327026128768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146588470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q742139","display_name":"Facies","level":3,"score":0.6649908423423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35306142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55814","display_name":"Extinction event","level":4,"score":0.5138802528381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112959462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434465","display_name":"Fluvial","level":3,"score":0.4846275746822357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164375970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110260","display_name":"Biozone","level":3,"score":0.48067033290863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.4688640236854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47559259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778143","display_name":"Biological dispersal","level":3,"score":0.1448829174041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.01.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.01.002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.01.002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159210951","display_name":"Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology","issn_l":"0031-0182","issn":["0031-0182","1872-616X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.4390000104904175}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8399999737739563}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":106,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197582048","https://openalex.org/W340908770","https://openalex.org/W1531170920","https://openalex.org/W1587340106","https://openalex.org/W1604658681","https://openalex.org/W1667784628","https://openalex.org/W1950596904","https://openalex.org/W1967033515","https://openalex.org/W1968621442","https://openalex.org/W1971818595","https://openalex.org/W1973426546","https://openalex.org/W1974958680","https://openalex.org/W1975739357","https://openalex.org/W1981293623","https://openalex.org/W1981546413","https://openalex.org/W1983335280","https://openalex.org/W1984984363","https://openalex.org/W1987227930","https://openalex.org/W1993570908","https://openalex.org/W1994510458","https://openalex.org/W1996873319","https://openalex.org/W2004445927","https://openalex.org/W2005480194","https://openalex.org/W2007918112","https://openalex.org/W2010861586","https://openalex.org/W2011111956","https://openalex.org/W2011770130","https://openalex.org/W2015169163","https://openalex.org/W2016605034","https://openalex.org/W2020418177","https://openalex.org/W2025372304","https://openalex.org/W2025589391","https://openalex.org/W2027112940","https://openalex.org/W2027765313","https://openalex.org/W2029058221","https://openalex.org/W2037513133","https://openalex.org/W2037701731","https://openalex.org/W2038413411","https://openalex.org/W2041482622","https://openalex.org/W2042526900","https://openalex.org/W2045884265","https://openalex.org/W2046004497","https://openalex.org/W2055105606","https://openalex.org/W2060431949","https://openalex.org/W2064104615","https://openalex.org/W2066918054","https://openalex.org/W2067291894","https://openalex.org/W2072010825","https://openalex.org/W2072274604","https://openalex.org/W2074841482","https://openalex.org/W2079115522","https://openalex.org/W2079567648","https://openalex.org/W2080175917","https://openalex.org/W2080625431","https://openalex.org/W2081055779","https://openalex.org/W2094922260","https://openalex.org/W2095874162","https://openalex.org/W2099526004","https://openalex.org/W2099666527","https://openalex.org/W2101849273","https://openalex.org/W2103052212","https://openalex.org/W2103130839","https://openalex.org/W2103618747","https://openalex.org/W2105232803","https://openalex.org/W2105950400","https://openalex.org/W2113474948","https://openalex.org/W2113929288","https://openalex.org/W2118082387","https://openalex.org/W2122878414","https://openalex.org/W2123434984","https://openalex.org/W2128377941","https://openalex.org/W2130359226","https://openalex.org/W2131045730","https://openalex.org/W2132292313","https://openalex.org/W2134241091","https://openalex.org/W2135765580","https://openalex.org/W2143116539","https://openalex.org/W2144217703","https://openalex.org/W2147032603","https://openalex.org/W2148758874","https://openalex.org/W2152179985","https://openalex.org/W2152785259","https://openalex.org/W2155564460","https://openalex.org/W2156977583","https://openalex.org/W2160118267","https://openalex.org/W2165812842","https://openalex.org/W2166703283","https://openalex.org/W2171788141","https://openalex.org/W2177943675","https://openalex.org/W2197081652","https://openalex.org/W2197952276","https://openalex.org/W2210447536","https://openalex.org/W2319494852","https://openalex.org/W2321399518","https://openalex.org/W2344940338","https://openalex.org/W2346067655","https://openalex.org/W2400001107","https://openalex.org/W2495255272","https://openalex.org/W2497730086","https://openalex.org/W4239287132","https://openalex.org/W4245708194","https://openalex.org/W4247404423","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6607922510","https://openalex.org/W6636077258","https://openalex.org/W6949619008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308019632","https://openalex.org/W4205680207","https://openalex.org/W2390170976","https://openalex.org/W2108199792","https://openalex.org/W2071343993","https://openalex.org/W2752105666","https://openalex.org/W4205383128","https://openalex.org/W2379611655","https://openalex.org/W75145070","https://openalex.org/W3133398006"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}