{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005189185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00684.x","title":"Mechanism and Biological Significance of CD4\u2010mediated Cytotoxicity","display_name":"Mechanism and Biological Significance of CD4\u2010mediated Cytotoxicity","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005189185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00684.x","mag":"2005189185","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7493761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00684.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00684.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00684.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133112385","display_name":"Immunological Reviews","issn_l":"0105-2896","issn":["0105-2896","1600-065X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunological Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2005189185"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111869000","display_name":"Sinuhe Hahn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SINUHE HAHN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086280862","display_name":"Roland Gehri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ROLAND GEHRI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065535580","display_name":"Peter Erb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"PETER ERB","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065535580"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":204,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83950617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"146","issue":"1","first_page":"57","last_page":"79"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction","score":0.017899999395012856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":0.012299999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxic-cd4-t-cells","display_name":"cytotoxic CD4+ T cells","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-mediated-cytotoxicity","display_name":"cell-mediated cytotoxicity","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fas-fas-ligand-pathway","display_name":"Fas/Fas ligand pathway","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perforin-granzyme-pathway","display_name":"perforin/granzyme pathway","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mhc-class-ii-restriction","display_name":"MHC class II restriction","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th1-cells","display_name":"Th1 cells","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulation","display_name":"immunomodulation","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-cell-killing","display_name":"tumor cell killing","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmunity","display_name":"autoimmunity","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxic-cd8-t-cells","display_name":"CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mhc-class-i-restriction","display_name":"MHC class I restriction","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granule-exocytosis","display_name":"granule exocytosis","score":0.7120000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147969180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014579","display_name":"CTL*","level":4,"score":0.8452413082122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776062744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21103279","display_name":"Perforin","level":4,"score":0.7590695023536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.7463576793670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66008609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14866113","display_name":"Fas ligand","level":4,"score":0.728895902633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183193105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425068","display_name":"Granzyme","level":5,"score":0.718360185623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.647250771522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167672396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417800","display_name":"CD8","level":3,"score":0.6199295520782471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170627219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13218497","display_name":"MHC class I","level":4,"score":0.5008230209350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4773276448249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.4654902219772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.4219357967376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207936829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423163","display_name":"Major histocompatibility complex","level":3,"score":0.42162251472473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.18470647931098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.16640034317970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.10860884189605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.06293326616287231}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003602","descriptor_name":"Cytotoxicity, Immunologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015496","descriptor_name":"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00684.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00684.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00684.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133112385","display_name":"Immunological Reviews","issn_l":"0105-2896","issn":["0105-2896","1600-065X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunological Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7493761","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7493761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunological reviews","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9074000120162964,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":131,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92987635","https://openalex.org/W284722034","https://openalex.org/W1481542822","https://openalex.org/W1484786193","https://openalex.org/W1488262728","https://openalex.org/W1493992981","https://openalex.org/W1496938524","https://openalex.org/W1503066288","https://openalex.org/W1516731028","https://openalex.org/W1525020553","https://openalex.org/W1527839934","https://openalex.org/W1534522578","https://openalex.org/W1539984014","https://openalex.org/W1540758140","https://openalex.org/W1557225507","https://openalex.org/W1574006175","https://openalex.org/W1584650312","https://openalex.org/W1589504620","https://openalex.org/W1599880469","https://openalex.org/W1603205751","https://openalex.org/W1671694443","https://openalex.org/W1734926275","https://openalex.org/W1843866611","https://openalex.org/W1872032514","https://openalex.org/W1882195644","https://openalex.org/W1902242364","https://openalex.org/W1918388057","https://openalex.org/W1929926475","https://openalex.org/W1937061404","https://openalex.org/W1963688949","https://openalex.org/W1964264035","https://openalex.org/W1965322366","https://openalex.org/W1967456581","https://openalex.org/W1967787805","https://openalex.org/W1969914430","https://openalex.org/W1971499391","https://openalex.org/W1973398091","https://openalex.org/W1973792489","https://openalex.org/W1974312247","https://openalex.org/W1976692354","https://openalex.org/W1977193556","https://openalex.org/W1978326037","https://openalex.org/W1981182552","https://openalex.org/W1982892464","https://openalex.org/W1984696190","https://openalex.org/W1984770583","https://openalex.org/W1985896777","https://openalex.org/W1987915859","https://openalex.org/W1989508434","https://openalex.org/W1989600187","https://openalex.org/W1991212304","https://openalex.org/W1991605327","https://openalex.org/W1992045438","https://openalex.org/W1994688157","https://openalex.org/W1998592323","https://openalex.org/W1999614623","https://openalex.org/W2000820719","https://openalex.org/W2001917467","https://openalex.org/W2002507218","https://openalex.org/W2003285575","https://openalex.org/W2003656326","https://openalex.org/W2005240718","https://openalex.org/W2008046872","https://openalex.org/W2008779414","https://openalex.org/W2009183764","https://openalex.org/W2011033970","https://openalex.org/W2011630381","https://openalex.org/W2011681598","https://openalex.org/W2012120883","https://openalex.org/W2012241435","https://openalex.org/W2013592490","https://openalex.org/W2014957283","https://openalex.org/W2016896099","https://openalex.org/W2018910710","https://openalex.org/W2023155608","https://openalex.org/W2026421406","https://openalex.org/W2028111124","https://openalex.org/W2028711398","https://openalex.org/W2032592355","https://openalex.org/W2037374883","https://openalex.org/W2043066069","https://openalex.org/W2044657120","https://openalex.org/W2048917176","https://openalex.org/W2056924500","https://openalex.org/W2057092574","https://openalex.org/W2059931536","https://openalex.org/W2062029576","https://openalex.org/W2062994475","https://openalex.org/W2063176993","https://openalex.org/W2064508977","https://openalex.org/W2064706357","https://openalex.org/W2065413461","https://openalex.org/W2068324509","https://openalex.org/W2073537204","https://openalex.org/W2073914550","https://openalex.org/W2075809552","https://openalex.org/W2076719655","https://openalex.org/W2082841258","https://openalex.org/W2084542841","https://openalex.org/W2085583663","https://openalex.org/W2089144318","https://openalex.org/W2089907993","https://openalex.org/W2089922129","https://openalex.org/W2090215483","https://openalex.org/W2090481553","https://openalex.org/W2091720585","https://openalex.org/W2092233067","https://openalex.org/W2094680513","https://openalex.org/W2104633948","https://openalex.org/W2105909174","https://openalex.org/W2109761805","https://openalex.org/W2110925966","https://openalex.org/W2113393768","https://openalex.org/W2115564588","https://openalex.org/W2117837558","https://openalex.org/W2118894233","https://openalex.org/W2123642439","https://openalex.org/W2133287830","https://openalex.org/W2134979684","https://openalex.org/W2135252042","https://openalex.org/W2137639207","https://openalex.org/W2141289657","https://openalex.org/W2161020639","https://openalex.org/W2165343206","https://openalex.org/W2169956921","https://openalex.org/W2172383460","https://openalex.org/W2172960056","https://openalex.org/W2177327503","https://openalex.org/W2223277766","https://openalex.org/W2416987368","https://openalex.org/W3021254998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496938524","https://openalex.org/W1581712504","https://openalex.org/W1540008644","https://openalex.org/W1569959077","https://openalex.org/W1969914430","https://openalex.org/W2073914550","https://openalex.org/W2165077048","https://openalex.org/W177346128","https://openalex.org/W1983328041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,18,34,46,60,93,116,133,168,242,260,290,328],"now":[2],"well":[3],"established":[4],"that":[5,341],"CD4+":[6,32,75,122,180,265,293],"T":[7,207,270],"cells":[8,174,205,213,232,252,271,301,342,364],"can":[9,104],"express":[10,106,253],"cytotoxic":[11,88],"activity.":[12],"This":[13],"type":[14],"of":[15,31,68,90,117,134,139,151,163,171,220,235,365],"cell-mediated":[16],"cytotoxicity":[17],"associated":[19],"with":[20,25,114],"the":[21,26,29,38,42,65,86,107,148,161,169,183,221,236,275,318,321,333,359,366],"Th1-,":[22],"but":[23,130],"not":[24,345],"Th2-phenotype.":[27],"While":[28],"activation":[30],"CTL":[33,76,92,103,123,153,294],"MHC":[35,164,195],"class":[36,165,196],"II-restricted,":[37],"effector":[39],"phase,":[40],"i.e.":[41,97,199],"target":[43,57],"cell":[44,58],"killing":[45,69,299,323],"unrestricted":[47],"and":[48,99,156,175,356],"antigen":[49],"non-specific.":[50],"In":[51],"analogy":[52],"to":[53,216,228,314],"CD8+":[54,91,102,152,315],"CTL,":[55,181],"CD4-mediated":[56,142],"death":[59],"by":[61,94,127,274,281,286],"DNA":[62],"fragmentation.":[63],"However,":[64],"molecular":[66],"mechanism":[67],"differs":[70],"from":[71],"CD8-mediated":[72],"lysis.":[73],"Thus,":[74,147,190],"preferentially":[77,192,261],"lyse":[78,211],"their":[79,109,158],"targets":[80,159],"via":[81,324],"Fas-Fas":[82],"ligand":[83],"interaction,":[84,326],"whereas":[85],"major":[87,149],"effect":[89],"granule":[95],"exocytosis,":[96],"perforin":[98],"granzymes.":[100],"Although":[101],"also":[105,125,145,285],"FasL,":[108],"lytic":[110],"activity":[111],"through":[112],"interaction":[113],"Fas":[115,254],"less":[118],"importance.":[119],"Likewise,":[120],"some":[121],"may":[124,210,336],"kill":[126,157],"perforin/granzymes":[128],"activity,":[129],"this":[131,246,279],"pathway":[132,241],"minor":[135],"significance.":[136],"The":[137,239],"aims":[138],"CD8-":[140],"or":[141,206,225,250,284,288,362],"lysis":[143,170,311],"are":[144,295,306],"different.":[146],"task":[150,247],"which":[154,327,343],"recognize":[155],"in":[160,214,226,309,312,340],"context":[162],"I":[166],"molecules,":[167],"virally":[172],"infected":[173],"battling":[176],"against":[177],"tumor":[178,300],"cells.":[179,208,267],"on":[182,263],"other":[184,319],"hand,":[185,320],"have":[186,337],"an":[187,218,329,370],"immunomodulatory":[188],"role.":[189],"they":[191,202,305],"eliminate":[193,272],"activated":[194,264,269],"II-positive":[197],"cells,":[198,357],"APC,":[200],"be":[201,346,349,369],"monocytes/macrophages,":[203],"B":[204],"They":[209],"these":[212],"order":[215,227],"prevent":[217],"overreaction":[219],"ongoing":[222],"immune":[223,237],"response":[224],"remove":[229],"potentially":[230],"hazardous":[231],"upon":[233],"completion":[234],"response.":[238],"Fas-FasL":[240,325],"particularly":[243,296],"suitable":[244,297],"for":[245,298,332,372],"as":[248,302,304],"myeloid":[249],"lymphoid":[251],"only":[255],"if":[256],"activated,":[257],"while":[258],"FasL":[259],"expressed":[262],"Th1":[266],"Moreover,":[268,292],"themselves":[273],"Fas-mediated":[276],"pathway.":[277],"Whether":[278],"happens":[280],"fratricide":[282],"only,":[283],"suicide":[287],"both":[289],"open.":[291],"well,":[303],"efficient":[307],"effectors":[308],"bystander":[310,334],"contrast":[313],"CTL.":[316],"On":[317],"non-specific":[322],"important":[330],"reason":[331],"lysis,":[335],"unwanted":[338],"effects":[339],"should":[344],"eliminated":[347],"could":[348,368],"killed.":[350],"Such":[351],"reactions":[352],"affecting":[353],"various":[354],"organs":[355],"e.g.":[358],"liver,":[360],"thyroid":[361],"islet":[363],"pancreas":[367],"explanation":[371],"certain":[373],"autoimmune":[374],"diseases.":[375]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}