{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005188492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.24.13780","title":"TOR2 is required for organization of the actin cytoskeleton in yeast","display_name":"TOR2 is required for organization of the actin cytoskeleton in yeast","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005188492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.24.13780","mag":"2005188492","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8943012","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/19424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.24.13780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.24.13780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2005188492"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC19424","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005370327","display_name":"Anja Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5922-7037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5922-7037"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anja Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel,\r Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel,\r Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011569029","display_name":"Jeannette Kunz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0776-3233","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0776-3233"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeannette Kunz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel,\r Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel,\r Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003476561","display_name":"Michael N. Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-0757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-0757"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael\u2009N. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel,\r Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel,\r Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":265,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95494926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"93","issue":"24","first_page":"13780","last_page":"13785"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10952","display_name":"PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer","score":0.5619999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10952","display_name":"PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer","score":0.5619999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10497","display_name":"Fungal and yeast genetics research","score":0.3937999904155731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10169","display_name":"Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tor2","display_name":"TOR2","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actin-cytoskeleton-organization","display_name":"actin cytoskeleton organization","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphatidylinositol-kinase","display_name":"phosphatidylinositol kinase","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tor1","display_name":"TOR1","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dominant-negative-allele","display_name":"dominant-negative allele","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-cycle","display_name":"cell cycle","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-growth-regulation","display_name":"cell growth regulation","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saccharomyces-cerevisiae","display_name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","score":0.9819999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993400109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329638","display_name":"Actin cytoskeleton","level":4,"score":0.7389639019966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.685404360294342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6740081310272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777576037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719725","display_name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","level":3,"score":0.5531889796257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125705527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185269","display_name":"Actin","level":2,"score":0.5458342432975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142669718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154626","display_name":"Cytoskeleton","level":3,"score":0.5213969349861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780610907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2273248","display_name":"Phosphatidylinositol","level":3,"score":0.45627182722091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131934819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135390","display_name":"Biogenesis","level":3,"score":0.4367062747478485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.34595802426338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.33145397901535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.23605313897132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779222958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45422","display_name":"Yeast","level":2,"score":0.22239044308662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.19703826308250427}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000199","descriptor_name":"Actins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003599","descriptor_name":"Cytoskeleton","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003599","descriptor_name":"Cytoskeleton","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005656","descriptor_name":"Fungal Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005799","descriptor_name":"Genes, Dominant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005800","descriptor_name":"Genes, Fungal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012441","descriptor_name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012441","descriptor_name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012441","descriptor_name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013489","descriptor_name":"Suppression, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015870","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016297","descriptor_name":"Mutagenesis, Site-Directed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017853","descriptor_name":"Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017853","descriptor_name":"Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017931","descriptor_name":"DNA Primers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018797","descriptor_name":"Cell Cycle Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019869","descriptor_name":"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029701","descriptor_name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.24.13780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.24.13780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:189108","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC19424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8943012","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8943012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:19424","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC19424/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2185856312","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/93/24/13780.full.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:189108","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC19424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56813229","https://openalex.org/W1484130313","https://openalex.org/W1532878531","https://openalex.org/W1600280692","https://openalex.org/W1601873036","https://openalex.org/W1608344832","https://openalex.org/W1688381890","https://openalex.org/W1802253821","https://openalex.org/W1818313483","https://openalex.org/W1956883206","https://openalex.org/W1969563780","https://openalex.org/W1973782344","https://openalex.org/W1974022382","https://openalex.org/W1987376594","https://openalex.org/W1992168569","https://openalex.org/W1996659835","https://openalex.org/W2009310436","https://openalex.org/W2013131355","https://openalex.org/W2018203229","https://openalex.org/W2021660402","https://openalex.org/W2033172386","https://openalex.org/W2036145275","https://openalex.org/W2037094686","https://openalex.org/W2037830911","https://openalex.org/W2042013644","https://openalex.org/W2046006262","https://openalex.org/W2048620082","https://openalex.org/W2050923205","https://openalex.org/W2052875965","https://openalex.org/W2054760273","https://openalex.org/W2060538012","https://openalex.org/W2062980512","https://openalex.org/W2063013559","https://openalex.org/W2068413127","https://openalex.org/W2074326232","https://openalex.org/W2080703391","https://openalex.org/W2087136249","https://openalex.org/W2108053853","https://openalex.org/W2120425861","https://openalex.org/W2128511563","https://openalex.org/W2128930820","https://openalex.org/W2130099579","https://openalex.org/W2142181044","https://openalex.org/W2152125010","https://openalex.org/W2158726454","https://openalex.org/W2165393736","https://openalex.org/W2176511881","https://openalex.org/W2177347112","https://openalex.org/W2314225431","https://openalex.org/W2321771270"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1934941689","https://openalex.org/W2071468845","https://openalex.org/W2170780149","https://openalex.org/W1499147646","https://openalex.org/W2038727077","https://openalex.org/W2105310658","https://openalex.org/W2152600551","https://openalex.org/W3018063715","https://openalex.org/W2402864185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,35],"Saccharomyces":[1],"cerevisiae":[2],"gene":[3],"TOR2":[4,22,68,128],"encodes":[5],"a":[6,21,65,73,102,112],"putative":[7],"phosphatidylinositol":[8,125],"kinase":[9,126],"that":[10,46,80,119],"has":[11],"two":[12,145],"essential":[13,37],"functions.":[14],"One":[15],"function":[16,38,51,122],"is":[17,25,39,81,129],"redundant":[18],"with":[19],"TOR1,":[20],"homolog,":[23],"and":[24,31,94,151],"required":[26,130],"for":[27,61,131],"signaling":[28,132],"translation":[29],"initiation":[30],"early":[32],"G1":[33],"progression.":[34],"second":[36],"unique":[40,121],"to":[41],"TOR2.":[42],"Here":[43],"we":[44],"report":[45],"loss":[47],"of":[48,55,64,75,86,90,97,123,134,154],"the":[49,56,76,84,98,120,124,135,139],"TOR2-unique":[50],"disrupts":[52],"polarized":[53,95],"distribution":[54,96],"actin":[57,87,99,136],"cytoskeleton.":[58],"A":[59],"screen":[60],"dosage":[62],"suppressors":[63],"dominant":[66],"negative":[67],"allele":[69],"identified":[70],"TCP20/CCT6,":[71],"encoding":[72],"subunit":[74],"cytosolic":[77],"chaperonin":[78],"TCP-1":[79],"involved":[82],"in":[83,101,111],"biogenesis":[85],"structures.":[88],"Overexpression":[89],"TCP20":[91,105],"restores":[92],"growth":[93,110],"cytoskeleton":[100,137],"tor2":[103,114],"mutant.":[104,116],"overexpression":[106],"does":[107],"not":[108],"restore":[109],"tor1":[113],"double":[115],"We":[117],"suggest":[118],"homolog":[127],"organization":[133],"during":[138],"cell":[140,155],"cycle.":[141],"TOR2,":[142],"via":[143],"its":[144],"functions,":[146],"may":[147],"thus":[148],"integrate":[149],"temporal":[150],"spatial":[152],"control":[153],"growth.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}