{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005187986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1986.9979972","title":"The emergence of writing in Egypt","display_name":"The emergence of writing in Egypt","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005187986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1986.9979972","mag":"2005187986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00438243.1986.9979972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1986.9979972","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1986.9979972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14980801","display_name":"World Archaeology","issn_l":"0043-8243","issn":["0043-8243","1470-1375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Archaeology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111837753","display_name":"John D. Ray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John D. Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111837753"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22745053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"307","last_page":"316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12555","display_name":"Ancient Egypt and Archaeology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12555","display_name":"Ancient Egypt and Archaeology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12307","display_name":"Ancient Near East History","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergence-of-writing","display_name":"emergence of writing","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-egypt","display_name":"ancient Egypt","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hieroglyphs","display_name":"hieroglyphs","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invention-of-writing","display_name":"invention of writing","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afroasiatic-languages","display_name":"Afroasiatic languages","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-eastern-influence","display_name":"Near Eastern influence","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/royal-court","display_name":"royal court","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynastic-origins","display_name":"dynastic origins","score":0.6620000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85064482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11767","display_name":"Mesopotamia","level":2,"score":0.9383378028869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122302079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8432","display_name":"Civilization","level":2,"score":0.7525346875190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988738305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11768","display_name":"Ancient egypt","level":2,"score":0.5945376753807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5924572944641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.5243740081787109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78148190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8192","display_name":"Writing system","level":2,"score":0.5029084086418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.423869252204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.39720818400382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.3402773141860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.25825822353363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.19886019825935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.191120445728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00438243.1986.9979972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1986.9979972","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1986.9979972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14980801","display_name":"World Archaeology","issn_l":"0043-8243","issn":["0043-8243","1470-1375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Archaeology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W582830935","https://openalex.org/W608846486","https://openalex.org/W609439409","https://openalex.org/W622645939","https://openalex.org/W638298736","https://openalex.org/W1522253605","https://openalex.org/W1542580985","https://openalex.org/W1965872457","https://openalex.org/W2089576453","https://openalex.org/W2282085593","https://openalex.org/W2323338320","https://openalex.org/W2796506503","https://openalex.org/W2797094052","https://openalex.org/W2993625456","https://openalex.org/W3145169197","https://openalex.org/W4241049617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390639234","https://openalex.org/W2483605053","https://openalex.org/W4238581232","https://openalex.org/W2283551794","https://openalex.org/W3107240436","https://openalex.org/W2484361489","https://openalex.org/W2952483722","https://openalex.org/W4405209317","https://openalex.org/W2739091468","https://openalex.org/W2525593468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"cultural":[1],"history":[2],"of":[3,11,17,20,34,48,64,67,92,113],"ancient":[4],"Egypt":[5,35],"is":[6],"markedly":[7],"different":[8],"from":[9],"that":[10,96],"contemporary":[12],"Mesopotamia,":[13],"and":[14,38,79,110],"the":[15,18,23,32,44,65,74,88,93,114],"adoption":[16],"idea":[19],"writing":[21],"by":[22,120],"Egyptians":[24],"conforms":[25],"to":[26,36,56,87,100],"a":[27,49,108],"general":[28],"pattern,":[29],"which":[30,53,116],"shows":[31],"tendency":[33],"adopt":[37],"perfect":[39],"inventions":[40],"made":[41],"elsewhere":[42],"in":[43,71],"Near":[45],"East.":[46],"Theories":[47],"conquering":[50],"\u2018dynastic":[51],"race\u2019,":[52],"gave":[54],"rise":[55],"Egyptian":[57],"civilisation,":[58],"are":[59,83,107],"unnecessary.":[60],"Hieroglyphs":[61],"show":[62],"many":[63],"signs":[66,106],"deliberate":[68],"invention,":[69],"probably":[70],"association":[72],"with":[73],"royal":[75],"court,":[76],"appearing":[77],"suddenly,":[78],"developing":[80],"rapidly.":[81],"They":[82],"so":[84],"well":[85],"suited":[86],"underlying":[89],"language,":[90],"one":[91],"Afroasiatic":[94],"group,":[95],"their":[97],"creation":[98],"seems":[99],"be":[101],"deliberate.":[102],"Uniconsonantal,":[103],"or":[104],"\u2018alphabetic\u2019,":[105],"striking":[109],"unique":[111],"feature":[112],"system,":[115],"was":[117],"essentially":[118],"complete":[119],"3000":[121],"B.C.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
