{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005144780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199904000-00003","title":"Relative Analgesic Potencies of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine for Epidural Analgesia in Labor","display_name":"Relative Analgesic Potencies of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine for Epidural Analgesia in Labor","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005144780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199904000-00003","mag":"2005144780","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10201661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00000542-199904000-00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199904000-00003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199904000-00003","pdf_url":"https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article-pdf/90/4/944/396659/0000542-199904000-00003.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124035732","display_name":"Anesthesiology","issn_l":"0003-3022","issn":["0003-3022","1528-1175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article-pdf/90/4/944/396659/0000542-199904000-00003.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059360741","display_name":"Linda S. Polley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097513","display_name":"Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00raa0r66","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097513","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda\u00a0S. Polley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, USA. lpolley@umich.edu","Assistant Professor, Division of Obstetric Anesthesiology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, USA. lpolley@umich.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210097513","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Division of Obstetric Anesthesiology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001521016","display_name":"Malachy O. Columb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7837-4262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7837-4262"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malachy\u00a0O. Columb","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064931048","display_name":"Norah N. Naughton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4558-6565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4558-6565"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norah\u00a0N. Naughton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Division of Obstetric Anesthesiology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Division of Obstetric Anesthesiology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061044678","display_name":"DEBORAH S. WAGNER","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5508-5676","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5508-5676"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah\u00a0S. Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Instructor"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Instructor","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110163361","display_name":"Cosmas J. M. van de Ven","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cosmas\u00a0J. M. van de Ven","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":37.0076,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":392,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99903361,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"90","issue":"4","first_page":"944","last_page":"950"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ropivacaine","display_name":"ropivacaine","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bupivacaine","display_name":"bupivacaine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidural-analgesia","display_name":"epidural analgesia","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-analgesia","display_name":"labor analgesia","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-anesthetics","display_name":"local anesthetics","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-stage-of-labor","display_name":"first stage of labor","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-block","display_name":"motor block","score":0.47200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780269707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279504","display_name":"Ropivacaine","level":2,"score":0.9645017385482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9194141626358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780820201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235","display_name":"Analgesic","level":2,"score":0.821160078048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781328992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422806","display_name":"Bupivacaine","level":2,"score":0.7918224334716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.7473027110099792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778994108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868462","display_name":"Local anesthetic","level":2,"score":0.7096720933914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5749059915542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57992300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2066956","display_name":"Potency","level":3,"score":0.49188995361328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09766140580177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077212","descriptor_name":"Ropivacaine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077212","descriptor_name":"Ropivacaine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077212","descriptor_name":"Ropivacaine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000577","descriptor_name":"Amides","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000577","descriptor_name":"Amides","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000577","descriptor_name":"Amides","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000577","descriptor_name":"Amides","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000577","descriptor_name":"Amides","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000577","descriptor_name":"Amides","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000577","descriptor_name":"Amides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000577","descriptor_name":"Amides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000577","descriptor_name":"Amides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000779","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics, Local","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000779","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics, Local","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000779","descriptor_name":"Anesthetics, Local","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002045","descriptor_name":"Bupivacaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015360","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015360","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015360","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016362","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Obstetrical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016362","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Obstetrical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016362","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Obstetrical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018712","descriptor_name":"Analgesics, Non-Narcotic","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018712","descriptor_name":"Analgesics, Non-Narcotic","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018712","descriptor_name":"Analgesics, Non-Narcotic","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00000542-199904000-00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199904000-00003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199904000-00003","pdf_url":"https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article-pdf/90/4/944/396659/0000542-199904000-00003.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124035732","display_name":"Anesthesiology","issn_l":"0003-3022","issn":["0003-3022","1528-1175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10201661","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10201661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesiology","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00000542-199904000-00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199904000-00003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199904000-00003","pdf_url":"https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article-pdf/90/4/944/396659/0000542-199904000-00003.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124035732","display_name":"Anesthesiology","issn_l":"0003-3022","issn":["0003-3022","1528-1175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2005144780.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2005144780.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536771247","https://openalex.org/W1985602327","https://openalex.org/W1991788172","https://openalex.org/W2001614286","https://openalex.org/W2019188576","https://openalex.org/W2033406104","https://openalex.org/W2041347922","https://openalex.org/W2067780031","https://openalex.org/W2071339869","https://openalex.org/W2072524190","https://openalex.org/W2095287868","https://openalex.org/W2098960917","https://openalex.org/W2104013488","https://openalex.org/W2105270368","https://openalex.org/W2123393323","https://openalex.org/W2126106159","https://openalex.org/W2130704911","https://openalex.org/W2138180048","https://openalex.org/W2143843411","https://openalex.org/W2151475156","https://openalex.org/W2153158983","https://openalex.org/W2155974491","https://openalex.org/W2169629304","https://openalex.org/W2413215559","https://openalex.org/W2417734896","https://openalex.org/W2601784303"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247450932","https://openalex.org/W2160611829","https://openalex.org/W2410458131","https://openalex.org/W2090632287","https://openalex.org/W2051899112","https://openalex.org/W2005144780","https://openalex.org/W1985602327","https://openalex.org/W3000279149","https://openalex.org/W1988358590","https://openalex.org/W2120716179"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,30,108,178],"minimum":[2,51,179,194],"local":[3,14,52,111,180,195],"analgesic":[4,15,40,53,181,196],"concentration":[5,16,109,130,182,197],"(MLAC)":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"defined":[9,154],"as":[10,155],"the":[11,25,38,93,116,119,166,193,243],"median":[12],"effective":[13,158],"in":[17,24,77,122,226,242],"a":[18,84,126,161,173,215],"20-ml":[19],"volume":[20],"for":[21,165,239],"epidural":[22,43,68,86,240],"analgesia":[23,69,241],"first":[26,244],"stage":[27,245],"of":[28,32,42,74,92,110,118,183,198,218,246],"labor.":[29,247],"aim":[31],"this":[33,78],"study":[34],"was":[35,88,96,113,137,185,200,208,229,233],"to":[36,72,125],"assess":[37],"relative":[39],"potencies":[41],"bupivacaine":[44,104,199,238],"and":[45,192],"ropivacaine":[46,99,184],"by":[47,115],"determining":[48],"their":[49],"respective":[50],"concentrations.":[54],"METHODS:":[55],"Seventy-three":[56],"parturients":[57],"at":[58],"<":[59,146],"or":[60,103,128,147],"=":[61,101,106,148],"7":[62],"cm":[63],"cervical":[64],"dilation":[65],"who":[66],"requested":[67],"were":[70],"allocated":[71],"one":[73],"two":[75],"groups":[76],"double-blinded,":[79],"randomized,":[80],"prospective":[81],"study.":[82],"After":[83],"lumbar":[85],"catheter":[87],"placed,":[89],"20":[90],"ml":[91],"test":[94],"solution":[95],"given,":[97],"either":[98],"(n":[100,105],"34)":[102],"39).":[107],"anesthetic":[112],"determined":[114],"response":[117],"previous":[120],"patient":[121],"that":[123],"group":[124],"higher":[127],"lower":[129],"using":[131,139],"up-down":[132],"sequential":[133],"allocation.":[134],"Analgesic":[135],"efficacy":[136],"assessed":[138],"100-mm":[140],"visual":[141],"analog":[142],"pain":[143],"scores":[144],"with":[145,214],"10":[149],"mm":[150],"within":[151],"30":[152],"min":[153],"effective.":[156],"An":[157,169],"result":[159,171],"directed":[160,172],"0.01%":[162,174],"wt/vol":[163,175,187,202],"decrement":[164],"next":[167],"patient.":[168],"ineffective":[170],"increment.":[176],"RESULTS:":[177],"0.111%":[186],"(95%":[188,203,220],"confidence":[189,204,221],"interval,":[190,205,222],"0.100-0.122),":[191],"0.067%":[201],"0.052-0.082).":[206],"Ropivacaine":[207,232],"significantly":[209,234],"less":[210,235],"potent":[211,236],"than":[212,237],"bupivacaine,":[213],"potency":[216],"ratio":[217],"0.6":[219],"0.49-0.74).":[223],"No":[224],"difference":[225],"motor":[227],"effects":[228],"observed.":[230],"CONCLUSION:":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}