{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005134386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1744487","title":"Studies in Nonequilibrium Rate Processes. IV. The Rotational and Vibrational Relaxation of a System of Rotating Oscillators","display_name":"Studies in Nonequilibrium Rate Processes. IV. The Rotational and Vibrational Relaxation of a System of Rotating Oscillators","publication_year":1958,"publication_date":"1958-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005134386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1744487","mag":"2005134386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1744487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1744487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1744487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77047749","display_name":"The Journal of Chemical Physics","issn_l":"0021-9606","issn":["0021-9606","1089-7690","1520-9032"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Chemical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064328390","display_name":"R. Herman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5732-9999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5732-9999"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Herman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Staff, General Motors Corporation, Detroit 2, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Staff, General Motors Corporation, Detroit 2, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034300202","display_name":"Kurt E. Shuler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurt E. Shuler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Staff, General Motors Corporation, Detroit 2, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Staff, General Motors Corporation, Detroit 2, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2661,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96590067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"366","last_page":"374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11012","display_name":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","score":0.7397000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11012","display_name":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","score":0.7397000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12044","display_name":"Advanced Physical and Chemical Molecular Interactions","score":0.18970000743865967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.014000000432133675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotational-relaxation","display_name":"rotational relaxation","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibrational-relaxation","display_name":"vibrational relaxation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-bath","display_name":"heat bath","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation-time","display_name":"relaxation time","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection-rules","display_name":"selection rules","score":0.8790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84662259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935813","display_name":"Vibrational energy relaxation","level":3,"score":0.6514430046081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40934718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190070","display_name":"Harmonic oscillator","level":2,"score":0.6221103072166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6168023943901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109663097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182453","display_name":"Adiabatic process","level":2,"score":0.5292108654975891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4795905649662018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169146920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140940","display_name":"Rotational energy","level":2,"score":0.472839891910553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46233293414115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92381491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747409","display_name":"Heteronuclear molecule","level":3,"score":0.4551647901535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4499736726284027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.41766947507858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.32305508852005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2852908968925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.17644590139389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181500209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215328","display_name":"Excited state","level":2,"score":0.14127516746520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1744487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1744487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1744487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77047749","display_name":"The Journal of Chemical Physics","issn_l":"0021-9606","issn":["0021-9606","1089-7690","1520-9032"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Chemical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639775296","https://openalex.org/W1550105004","https://openalex.org/W1660147680","https://openalex.org/W1966441859","https://openalex.org/W1986436033","https://openalex.org/W1989328658","https://openalex.org/W1996712956","https://openalex.org/W2001234486","https://openalex.org/W2012864551","https://openalex.org/W2016990625","https://openalex.org/W2018311981","https://openalex.org/W2022144101","https://openalex.org/W2025963198","https://openalex.org/W2037957073","https://openalex.org/W2051219826","https://openalex.org/W2057152682","https://openalex.org/W2058995968","https://openalex.org/W2071575738","https://openalex.org/W2076977805","https://openalex.org/W2079225911","https://openalex.org/W2101825970","https://openalex.org/W2151444352","https://openalex.org/W2321591125","https://openalex.org/W2329309747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035437782","https://openalex.org/W2093227994","https://openalex.org/W168446010","https://openalex.org/W2942366675","https://openalex.org/W125515086","https://openalex.org/W2050902545","https://openalex.org/W1997472633","https://openalex.org/W2004777080","https://openalex.org/W2069145938","https://openalex.org/W2226874629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"continuation":[1],"of":[2,14,20,23,75,77,93,99,119,127,133,141,177,180],"previous":[3],"papers":[4],"in":[5,33,96],"this":[6,47],"series":[7],"a":[8,21,28,37,175,204],"theoretical":[9],"study":[10],"has":[11],"been":[12,50,68],"made":[13],"the":[15,71,78,90,97,111,117,142,148,159,184],"rotational":[16,114,143,197,213],"and":[17,52,63,73,101,113,116,130,136,155,158],"vibrational":[18,112],"relaxation":[19,44,115,144,186,198],"system":[22,48,118],"rotating":[24,120],"oscillators,":[25],"represented":[26],"by":[27,153,156,174],"rigid":[29,137],"rotator-harmonic":[30],"oscillator":[31],"model,":[32],"their":[34],"interaction":[35],"with":[36,57,82],"constant":[38],"temperature":[39],"heat":[40],"bath.":[41],"The":[42,84],"relevant":[43],"equations":[45],"for":[46,70,169],"have":[49,67],"derived":[51],"both":[53],"numerical":[54],"solutions,":[55],"computed":[56],"an":[58],"IBM":[59],"704":[60],"electronic":[61],"computer,":[62],"approximate":[64],"analytical":[65],"solutions":[66],"obtained":[69],"mode":[72],"rate":[74],"change":[76],"rotational-vibrational":[79],"level":[80],"population":[81],"time.":[83],"results":[85],"show":[86],"that,":[87],"owing":[88],"to":[89],"large":[91],"order":[92],"magnitude":[94,181],"difference":[95],"efficiency":[98],"translational-rotational":[100],"translational-vibrational":[102],"energy":[103],"transfer,":[104],"there":[105],"is":[106],"very":[107],"little":[108],"coupling":[109],"between":[110,211],"oscillators":[121,135],"relaxes":[122],"essentially":[123],"as":[124],"if":[125],"composed":[126],"two":[128],"independent":[129],"noninteracting":[131],"systems":[132],"harmonic":[134],"rotators.":[138],"A":[139],"calculation":[140],"time,":[145],"t(relax),":[146],"using":[147],"adiabatic":[149],"transition":[150],"probabilities":[151],"given":[152],"Brout":[154],"Takayanagi":[157],"concomitant":[160],"selection":[161],"rules":[162],"\u0394J=\u00b11":[163],"(for":[164],"heteronuclear":[165],"molecules)":[166],"gives":[167],"values":[168],"t(relax)":[170],"which":[171],"are":[172],"greater":[173],"factor":[176],"several":[178],"orders":[179],"(\u223c102)":[182],"than":[183],"experimental":[185],"times":[187],"found":[188],"from":[189],"shock":[190],"wave":[191],"studies.":[192],"This":[193],"indicates":[194],"clearly":[195],"that":[196],"does":[199],"not":[200],"take":[201],"place":[202],"via":[203],"stepwise":[205],"``ladder":[206],"process''":[207],"involving":[208],"only":[209],"transitions":[210],"neighboring":[212],"levels.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}