{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005134193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.5.1831209","title":"Radiologists' Performance for Differentiating Benign from Malignant Lung Nodules on High-Resolution CT Using Computer-Estimated Likelihood of Malignancy","display_name":"Radiologists' Performance for Differentiating Benign from Malignant Lung Nodules on High-Resolution CT Using Computer-Estimated Likelihood of Malignancy","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005134193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.5.1831209","mag":"2005134193","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15505279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2214/ajr.183.5.1831209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.5.1831209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.5.1831209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161085503","display_name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","issn_l":"0002-9580","issn":["0002-9580","0361-803X","1546-3141"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315781","host_organization_name":"American Roentgen Ray Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Roentgen Ray Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448831","display_name":"Feng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8302-6174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8302-6174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637","Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047858628","display_name":"Masahito Aoyama","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57930482","display_name":"Hiroshima City University","ror":"https://ror.org/001et4e78","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57930482"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masahito Aoyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Systems, Faculty of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima 731-3194, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Systems, Faculty of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima 731-3194, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57930482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027216693","display_name":"Junji Shiraishi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-9876","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-9876"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junji Shiraishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025334715","display_name":"Hiroyuki Ab\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3568-1462","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3568-1462","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3623-8701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyuki Abe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qiang Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050949810","display_name":"Kenji Suzuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3993-8309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3993-8309"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenji Suzuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087932039","display_name":"Roger M. Engelmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-8478","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-8478"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Engelmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114097715","display_name":"Shusuke Sone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143676","display_name":"Azumi Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/054p5nv83","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143676"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shusuke Sone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azumi General Hospital, Ikeda, Nagano 399-8695, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azumi General Hospital, Ikeda, Nagano 399-8695, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143676"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024687283","display_name":"Heber MacMahon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8525-6596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8525-6596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heber MacMahon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111726867","display_name":"Kunio Doi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunio Doi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Kurt Rossmann Laboratories for Radiologic Image Research, MC-2026, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9074,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97118456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"183","issue":"5","first_page":"1209","last_page":"1215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.774399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.774399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.18770000338554382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.0357000008225441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-diagnosis","display_name":"computer-aided diagnosis","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-nodules","display_name":"pulmonary nodules","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benign-versus-malignant-differentiation","display_name":"benign versus malignant differentiation","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution-computed-tomography","display_name":"high-resolution computed tomography","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"linear discriminant analysis","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-glass-opacities","display_name":"ground-glass opacities","score":0.7749999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8691512942314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779399171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483951","display_name":"Malignancy","level":2,"score":0.7108615636825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776731575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916245","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6881314516067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.6669926643371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.6410098671913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.5280141234397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.4570593237876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777001051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150728","display_name":"Ground-glass opacity","level":4,"score":0.4400518834590912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122413","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.41219738125801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.3678269386291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.2829757332801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781182431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356033","display_name":"Adenocarcinoma","level":3,"score":0.2553970217704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.18200576305389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08504268527030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2214/ajr.183.5.1831209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.5.1831209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.5.1831209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161085503","display_name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","issn_l":"0002-9580","issn":["0002-9580","0361-803X","1546-3141"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315781","host_organization_name":"American Roentgen Ray Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Roentgen Ray Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15505279","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15505279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AJR. American journal of roentgenology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6399999856948853}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2496632911","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA 62625","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2869086789","display_name":"COMPUTER AIDED DIAGNOSIS IN CHEST RADIOGRAPHY","funder_award_id":"R01CA062625","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40359876","https://openalex.org/W1969209195","https://openalex.org/W1981546657","https://openalex.org/W1997030078","https://openalex.org/W2020089990","https://openalex.org/W2031827337","https://openalex.org/W2031881519","https://openalex.org/W2039400714","https://openalex.org/W2048266862","https://openalex.org/W2057789011","https://openalex.org/W2060266517","https://openalex.org/W2060576022","https://openalex.org/W2063432541","https://openalex.org/W2063582544","https://openalex.org/W2069401973","https://openalex.org/W2072614847","https://openalex.org/W2072817538","https://openalex.org/W2074656173","https://openalex.org/W2074911873","https://openalex.org/W2086809873","https://openalex.org/W2101610532","https://openalex.org/W2104418254","https://openalex.org/W2107166114","https://openalex.org/W2107170489","https://openalex.org/W2117346638","https://openalex.org/W2127074647","https://openalex.org/W2136725088","https://openalex.org/W2138080168","https://openalex.org/W2138309086","https://openalex.org/W2140125996","https://openalex.org/W2143045812","https://openalex.org/W2161326860","https://openalex.org/W2165854341","https://openalex.org/W2166267167","https://openalex.org/W2317305062","https://openalex.org/W4251310582","https://openalex.org/W4293007919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063432541","https://openalex.org/W2165854341","https://openalex.org/W1533474592","https://openalex.org/W2043298793","https://openalex.org/W2060576022","https://openalex.org/W2159068781","https://openalex.org/W3047335317","https://openalex.org/W201759245","https://openalex.org/W2049631444","https://openalex.org/W2013706164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,68,137,174,195,222],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,43,45,61,77,161,182,206,235,246],"our":[4],"study":[5,75],"was":[6,55,165,187,201,230],"to":[7,112,141,153,212,254],"evaluate":[8],"whether":[9],"a":[10,132,162,215],"computer-aided":[11],"diagnosis":[12],"(CAD)":[13],"scheme":[14,38,185,209,229,238],"can":[15],"assist":[16],"radiologists":[17,200,247],"in":[18,72,128,259],"distinguishing":[19,190,260],"small":[20,261],"benign":[21,86,191,262],"from":[22,57,192,210,264],"malignant":[23,114,193,265],"lung":[24,46,80],"nodules":[25,47,63,91,103,263],"on":[26,48,122,131,267],"high-resolution":[27],"CT":[28],"(HRCT).":[29],"MATERIALS":[30],"AND":[31],"METHODS:":[32],"We":[33],"developed":[34],"an":[35],"automated":[36],"computerized":[37],"for":[39,119,126,189,199],"determining":[40],"the":[41,52,62,113,148,159,177,183,204,207,227,236,252],"likelihood":[42,53],"malignancy":[44,160],"multiple":[49],"HRCT":[50,123],"slices;":[51],"estimate":[54],"obtained":[56],"various":[58],"objective":[59],"features":[60],"using":[64],"linear":[65],"discriminant":[66],"analysis.":[67,172],"data":[69],"set":[70],"used":[71],"this":[73],"observer":[74],"consisted":[76],"28":[78,85],"primary":[79],"cancers":[81],"(6-20":[82],"mm)":[83],"and":[84,99,110,145,243],"nodules.":[87,115,194],"Cancer":[88],"cases":[89],"included":[90],"with":[92,147,203,226],"pure":[93],"ground-glass":[94,97],"opacity,":[95,98],"mixed":[96],"solid":[100],"opacity.":[101],"Benign":[102],"were":[104,124,139,151],"selected":[105],"by":[106,167,214],"matching":[107],"their":[108,155],"size":[109],"pattern":[111],"Consecutive":[116],"region-of-interest":[117],"images":[118,138],"each":[120],"nodule":[121],"displayed":[125],"interpretation":[127],"stacked":[129],"mode":[130],"cathode":[133],"ray":[134],"tube":[135],"monitor.":[136],"presented":[140],"16":[142],"radiologists-first":[143],"without":[144],"then":[146],"computer":[149],"output-who":[150],"asked":[152],"indicate":[154],"confidence":[156],"level":[157,218],"regarding":[158],"nodule.":[163],"Performance":[164],"evaluated":[166],"receiver":[168],"operating":[169],"characteristic":[170],"(ROC)":[171],"RESULTS:":[173],"area":[175],"under":[176],"ROC":[178],"curve":[179],"(Az":[180],"value)":[181],"CAD":[184,208,228,237,250],"alone":[186,239],"0.831":[188],"average":[196],"Az":[197],"value":[198],"improved":[202],"aid":[205],"0.785":[211],"0.853":[213],"statistically":[216],"significant":[217],"(p":[219,240],"=":[220],"0.016).":[221],"radiologists'":[223,256],"diagnostic":[224,257],"performance":[225],"more":[231],"accurate":[232],"than":[233],"that":[234,245],"<":[241],"0.05)":[242],"also":[244],"alone.":[248],"CONCLUSION:":[249],"has":[251],"potential":[253],"improve":[255],"accuracy":[258],"ones":[266],"HRCT.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
