{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005129194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801045","title":"Characteristics of Solution\u2010Processed Small\u2010Molecule Organic Films and Light\u2010Emitting Diodes Compared with their Vacuum\u2010Deposited Counterparts","display_name":"Characteristics of Solution\u2010Processed Small\u2010Molecule Organic Films and Light\u2010Emitting Diodes Compared with their Vacuum\u2010Deposited Counterparts","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005129194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801045","mag":"2005129194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/adfm.200801045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135204980","display_name":"Advanced Functional Materials","issn_l":"1616-301X","issn":["1616-301X","1616-3028"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Functional Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018416042","display_name":"Tae\u2010Woo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-6725","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-6725"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tae\u2010Woo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology San 31 Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 (Korea)","Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do 446\u2010712 (Korea)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology San 31 Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do 446\u2010712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110450782","display_name":"Taeyong Noh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taeyong Noh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","Display Device and Processing Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si, Gyeonggi\u2010do, 446\u2010712 (Korea)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si, Gyeonggi\u2010do, 446\u2010712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109376586","display_name":"Hee\u2010Won Shin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hee\u2010Won Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Photon Applied Functional Molecule Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 120-749 (Korea)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photon Applied Functional Molecule Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 120-749 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040717369","display_name":"Ohyun Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9940-0826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9940-0826"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ohyun Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","Display Device and Processing Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si, Gyeonggi\u2010do, 446\u2010712 (Korea)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si, Gyeonggi\u2010do, 446\u2010712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044098186","display_name":"Jongjin Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-8889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-8889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jong\u2010Jin Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","Display Device and Processing Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si, Gyeonggi\u2010do, 446\u2010712 (Korea)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si, Gyeonggi\u2010do, 446\u2010712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009937354","display_name":"Byoungki Choi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byoung\u2010Ki Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","Display Device and Processing Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si, Gyeonggi\u2010do, 446\u2010712 (Korea)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si, Gyeonggi\u2010do, 446\u2010712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088609981","display_name":"Myeong\u2010Suk Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myeong\u2010Suk Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","Display Device and Processing Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si, Gyeonggi\u2010do, 446\u2010712 (Korea)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si, Gyeonggi\u2010do, 446\u2010712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dong Woo Shin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Woo Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","Display Device and Processing Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si, Gyeonggi\u2010do, 446\u2010712 (Korea)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Display Device and Processing Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14\u20101, Nongseo\u2010dong, Giheung\u2010gu, Yongin\u2010si, Gyeonggi\u2010do, 446\u2010712 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113655042","display_name":"Yong\u2010Rok Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong\u2010Rok Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Photon Applied Functional Molecule Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 120-749 (Korea)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photon Applied Functional Molecule Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 120-749 (Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018416042","https://openalex.org/A5044098186"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574","https://openalex.org/I2250650973"],"apc_list":{"value":5790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5790},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.128,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":200,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97102449,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"10","first_page":"1625","last_page":"1630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10097","display_name":"Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solution-processed-oleds","display_name":"solution-processed OLEDs","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vacuum-deposited-thin-films","display_name":"vacuum-deposited films","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blue-oleds","display_name":"blue OLEDs","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminous-efficiency","display_name":"luminous efficiency","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hole-blocking-layer","display_name":"hole blocking layer","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-transport-layer","display_name":"electron transport layer","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hole-transport","display_name":"hole transport","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-traps","display_name":"electron traps","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/film-density","display_name":"film density","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/device-lifetime","display_name":"device lifetime","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-displays","display_name":"flexible displays","score":0.9769999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150759737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209593","display_name":"OLED","level":3,"score":0.8781601786613464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8571323752403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6831918358802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.665217936038971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.6291099786758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778357024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15229906","display_name":"Solution process","level":2,"score":0.6154296398162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51858381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504173","display_name":"Luminous efficacy","level":3,"score":0.5539068579673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776873873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044964","display_name":"Vacuum deposition","level":3,"score":0.5491960644721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161624437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988322","display_name":"Small molecule","level":2,"score":0.5151618719100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82225425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7880334","display_name":"Ultra-high vacuum","level":2,"score":0.48404520750045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.47157591581344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.42669880390167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.07915306091308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.04884845018386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/adfm.200801045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135204980","display_name":"Advanced Functional Materials","issn_l":"1616-301X","issn":["1616-301X","1616-3028"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Functional Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oasis.postech.ac.kr:2014.oak/28232","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/28232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401965","display_name":"Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","host_organization_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oasis.postech.ac.kr:2014.oak/28332","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/28332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401965","display_name":"Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","host_organization_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"REVIEW"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1668566020","https://openalex.org/W1978934746","https://openalex.org/W1993516867","https://openalex.org/W2041227792","https://openalex.org/W2043214601","https://openalex.org/W2043752657","https://openalex.org/W2049700969","https://openalex.org/W2077188122","https://openalex.org/W2160802950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022933532","https://openalex.org/W4321372137","https://openalex.org/W1987944304","https://openalex.org/W4205659806","https://openalex.org/W1982688671","https://openalex.org/W3147002575","https://openalex.org/W1564179612","https://openalex.org/W1990027070","https://openalex.org/W2067229799","https://openalex.org/W2129383596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Although":[1],"significant":[2],"progress":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5,57],"made":[6],"in":[7],"the":[8,19,70,74,83,131,136,147,154,158,163,172,177],"development":[9,35],"of":[10,18,36,73,86,157],"vacuum\u2010deposited":[11,95,148,164],"small\u2010molecule":[12,88],"organic":[13],"light\u2010emitting":[14],"diodes":[15],"(OLEDs),":[16],"one":[17],"most":[20],"desired":[21],"research":[22],"goals":[23],"is":[24,123,151],"still":[25],"to":[26,93,162],"produce":[27],"flexible":[28],"displays":[29],"by":[30],"low\u2010cost":[31],"solution":[32],"processing.":[33],"The":[34],"solution\u2010processed":[37,67,87,128,132,159],"OLEDs":[38,101],"based":[39,65],"on":[40,53,66],"small":[41,68],"molecules":[42],"could":[43],"potentially":[44],"be":[45,80,167],"a":[46,103,138,168],"good":[47],"approach":[48],"but":[49],"no":[50],"intensive":[51],"studies":[52],"this":[54],"topic":[55],"have":[56],"conducted":[58],"so":[59],"far.":[60],"To":[61],"fabricate":[62],"high\u2010performance":[63],"devices":[64,78,91,129,137],"molecules,":[69],"underlying":[71],"nature":[72],"produced":[75],"films":[76,89,160],"and":[77,90,120,142],"must":[79],"elucidated.":[81],"Here,":[82],"distinctive":[84],"characteristics":[85],"compared":[92],"their":[94,114],"counterparts":[96],"are":[97],"reported.":[98],"Solution\u2010processed":[99],"blue":[100],"show":[102],"very":[104],"high":[105],"luminous":[106],"efficiency":[107],"(of":[108],"about":[109],"8.9":[110],"cd":[111],"A\u20131)":[112],"despite":[113],"simplified":[115],"structure.":[116],"A":[117],"better":[118,139],"hole\u2010blocking":[119],"electron\u2010transporting":[121],"layer":[122,134],"essential":[124],"for":[125,171,176],"achieving":[126],"high\u2010efficiency":[127],"because":[130],"emitting":[133],"gives":[135],"hole\u2010transporting":[140],"capability":[141],"more":[143],"electron":[144],"traps":[145],"than":[146],"layer.":[149],"It":[150],"found":[152],"that":[153],"lower":[155],"density":[156],"(compared":[161],"films)":[165],"can":[166],"major":[169],"cause":[170],"short":[173],"lifetimes":[174],"observed":[175],"corresponding":[178],"devices.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
