{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005117275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15235881003733209","title":"The Interdependence Continuum: A Perspective on the Nature of Spanish\u2013English Bilingual Reading Comprehension","display_name":"The Interdependence Continuum: A Perspective on the Nature of Spanish\u2013English Bilingual Reading Comprehension","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005117275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15235881003733209","mag":"2005117275"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15235881003733209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15235881003733209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15235881003733209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104586334","display_name":"Bilingual Research Journal","issn_l":"1523-5882","issn":["1523-5882","1523-5890"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bilingual Research Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"C. Patrick Proctor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103531236","display_name":"Boston College","ror":"https://ror.org/02n2fzt79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Patrick Proctor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003470633","display_name":"Diane L. August","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-7948","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-7948"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344076864","display_name":"Center for Applied Linguistics","ror":"https://ror.org/020pekv35","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344076864"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane August","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Applied Linguistics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied Linguistics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344076864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070516273","display_name":"Catherine Elizabeth Snow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-1126","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-1126"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Snow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Graduate School of Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Graduate School of Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023486366","display_name":"Christopher D. Barr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-2579","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-2579"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher D. Barr","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston","[Univ. of Houston]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Univ. of Houston]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103531236"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5245,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":131,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94484545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"5","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.8398000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.8398000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.07259999960660934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.04399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-interdependence-hypothesis","display_name":"linguistic interdependence hypothesis","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanish-english-bilingualism","display_name":"Spanish-English bilingualism","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"reading comprehension","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphabetic-knowledge","display_name":"alphabetic knowledge","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-typology","display_name":"linguistic typology","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingual-reading","display_name":"bilingual reading","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourth-grade-students","display_name":"fourth grade","score":0.7369999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.6597771048545837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.6045829057693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.5774674415588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5158454775810242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5087204575538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49876356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002651","display_name":"Neuroscience of multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.4728803038597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46211057901382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.42732203006744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2641395628452301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2600257992744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07524237036705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15235881003733209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15235881003733209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15235881003733209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104586334","display_name":"Bilingual Research Journal","issn_l":"1523-5882","issn":["1523-5882","1523-5890"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bilingual Research Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8899999856948853}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320977","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101389475","https://openalex.org/W1489267873","https://openalex.org/W1501218279","https://openalex.org/W1503658172","https://openalex.org/W1513450958","https://openalex.org/W1549193014","https://openalex.org/W1907573263","https://openalex.org/W1939843841","https://openalex.org/W1963598903","https://openalex.org/W1981243492","https://openalex.org/W1987107327","https://openalex.org/W1992524287","https://openalex.org/W1994854084","https://openalex.org/W2006146065","https://openalex.org/W2006473491","https://openalex.org/W2019090278","https://openalex.org/W2019388197","https://openalex.org/W2021179973","https://openalex.org/W2025409638","https://openalex.org/W2026738852","https://openalex.org/W2031754487","https://openalex.org/W2034211243","https://openalex.org/W2050052595","https://openalex.org/W2052391847","https://openalex.org/W2062949150","https://openalex.org/W2065233968","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2082442109","https://openalex.org/W2094539900","https://openalex.org/W2102494601","https://openalex.org/W2107052587","https://openalex.org/W2108836181","https://openalex.org/W2111202507","https://openalex.org/W2111403529","https://openalex.org/W2117210269","https://openalex.org/W2158793710","https://openalex.org/W2161777363","https://openalex.org/W2169495929","https://openalex.org/W2409068341","https://openalex.org/W2790783572","https://openalex.org/W2893691276","https://openalex.org/W2947141202","https://openalex.org/W3007953347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2763511190","https://openalex.org/W4237874308","https://openalex.org/W2021179973","https://openalex.org/W2997084989","https://openalex.org/W3214178406","https://openalex.org/W4220972687","https://openalex.org/W2135938124","https://openalex.org/W7204655958","https://openalex.org/W4206530665","https://openalex.org/W4379387054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,77,106],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,13,29,56,73,125],"the":[3,10,14,27,43,74,96,109],"current":[4],"study":[5],"is":[6,21],"to":[7,35,68],"elaborate":[8],"on":[9],"statistical":[11],"nature":[12],"linguistic":[15],"interdependence":[16,75,82,118],"hypothesis":[17],"(CitationCummins,":[18],"1979).":[19],"It":[20],"argued":[22],"that":[23,80,120],"reading":[24,91,104],"skills":[25],"across":[26],"languages":[28],"bilingual":[30,59],"learners":[31],"are":[32],"differentially":[33],"robust":[34],"interdependence,":[36],"falling":[37],"along":[38],"a":[39,54,70,123],"continuum":[40,119],"mediated":[41],"by":[42],"commonalities":[44],"between":[45,98],"Spanish":[46,99],"and":[47,62,93,102],"English.":[48],"Reading":[49],"data":[50,110],"were":[51],"collected":[52],"from":[53],"sample":[55],"91":[57],"Spanish\u2013English":[58,81],"fourth-grade":[60],"students,":[61],"structural":[63],"equation":[64],"modeling":[65],"was":[66],"used":[67],"test":[69],"path":[71],"model":[72,78,107],"continuum.":[76],"assumed":[79],"would":[83],"be":[84],"strong":[85],"for":[86,90,95,116],"alphabetic":[87],"knowledge,":[88],"moderate":[89],"comprehension,":[92],"mild":[94],"link":[97],"oral":[100],"language":[101,126],"English":[103],"comprehension.":[105],"fit":[108],"well,":[111],"providing":[112],"some":[113],"initial":[114],"evidence":[115],"an":[117],"varies":[121],"as":[122],"function":[124],"typology.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}