{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005063569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/320831.320833","title":"Sorting on Electronic Computer Systems","display_name":"Sorting on Electronic Computer Systems","publication_year":1956,"publication_date":"1956-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005063569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/320831.320833","mag":"2005063569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/320831.320833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/320831.320833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/320831.320833","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/320831.320833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/320831.320833","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066885414","display_name":"Edward H. Friend","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136318","display_name":"New York Life Insurance Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03a4nen96","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136318"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward H. Friend","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136318"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066885414"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136318"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1667,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"134","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9032999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2614","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9032999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2614","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.031700000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10948","display_name":"Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2607","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting-algorithms","display_name":"sorting algorithms","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-processing","display_name":"data processing","score":0.4169999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.7429993748664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.7095638513565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6829129457473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.38606205582618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.36454445123672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34308141469955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1016814112663269}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/320831.320833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/320831.320833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/320831.320833","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/320831.320833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/320831.320833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/320831.320833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/320831.320833","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/320831.320833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307762","display_name":"International Business Machines Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2005063569.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2005063569.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058642427","https://openalex.org/W2016573082","https://openalex.org/W2012188345","https://openalex.org/W2123596193","https://openalex.org/W2035795598","https://openalex.org/W1972554568","https://openalex.org/W2295868884","https://openalex.org/W2038064004","https://openalex.org/W2120092607","https://openalex.org/W4232374574"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"article":[0],"Free":[1],"Access":[2],"Share":[3],"on":[4,6,88],"Sorting":[5],"Electronic":[7],"Computer":[8],"Systems":[9],"Author:":[10],"Edward":[11],"H.":[12],"Friend":[13],"New":[14,19,23,28,107],"York":[15,24],"Life":[16,25],"Insurance":[17,26],"Co.,":[18,27],"York,":[20,29],"N.":[21,30],"Y.":[22],"Y.View":[31],"Profile":[32],"Authors":[33],"Info":[34],"&":[35],"Claims":[36],"Journal":[37],"of":[38],"the":[39,89],"ACMVolume":[40],"3Issue":[41],"3pp":[42],"134\u2013168https://doi.org/10.1145/320831.320833Published:01":[43],"July":[44],"1956Publication":[45],"History":[46],"65citation1,165DownloadsMetricsTotal":[47],"Citations65Total":[48],"Downloads1,165Last":[49],"12":[50],"Months198Last":[51],"6":[52],"weeks65":[53],"Get":[54],"Citation":[55,57,94],"AlertsNew":[56,93],"Alert":[58],"added!This":[59],"alert":[60,85],"has":[61,80],"been":[62,81],"successfully":[63],"added":[64],"and":[65],"will":[66,70],"be":[67,71],"sent":[68],"to:You":[69],"notified":[72],"whenever":[73],"a":[74,106],"record":[75],"that":[76],"you":[77],"have":[78],"chosen":[79],"cited.To":[82],"manage":[83],"your":[84,99],"preferences,":[86],"click":[87],"button":[90],"below.Manage":[91],"my":[92],"Alert!Please":[95],"log":[96],"in":[97],"to":[98,102,104],"account":[100],"Save":[101],"BinderSave":[103],"BinderCreate":[105],"BinderNameCancelCreateExport":[108],"CitationPublisher":[109],"SiteeReaderPDF":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}