{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005000715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0834","title":"GDCI Multi-Cylinder Engine for High Fuel Efficiency and Low Emissions","display_name":"GDCI Multi-Cylinder Engine for High Fuel Efficiency and Low Emissions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005000715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0834","mag":"2005000715"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4271/2015-01-0834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764835558","display_name":"SAE International Journal of Engines","issn_l":"1946-3936","issn":["1946-3936","1946-3944"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614468","host_organization_name":"SAE International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614468"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAE International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE International Journal of Engines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039423262","display_name":"Mark Sellnau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Sellnau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delphi Powertrain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Powertrain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113616577","display_name":"Wayne Moore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delphi Powertrain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Powertrain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021649467","display_name":"James F. Sinnamon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Sinnamon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delphi Powertrain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Powertrain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041568972","display_name":"Kevin S. Hoyer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Hoyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delphi Powertrain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Powertrain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065702799","display_name":"Matthew Foster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6334-5503","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6334-5503"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Foster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delphi Powertrain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Powertrain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032236280","display_name":"Harry L. Husted","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry Husted","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delphi Powertrain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delphi Powertrain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.4406,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":131,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99174518,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"08","issue":"2","first_page":"775","last_page":"790"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13990","display_name":"Engine and Fuel Emissions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10553","display_name":"Combustion and flame dynamics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-cylinder-engine","display_name":"multi-cylinder engine","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partially-premixed-combustion","display_name":"partially premixed combustion","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-temperature-combustion","display_name":"low-temperature combustion","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exhaust-gas-recirculation","display_name":"exhaust gas recirculation","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nox-emissions","display_name":"NOx emissions","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulate-emissions","display_name":"particulate emissions","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brake-specific-fuel-consumption","display_name":"brake specific fuel consumption","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion-phasing","display_name":"combustion phasing","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion-noise","display_name":"combustion noise","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque-characteristics","display_name":"torque characteristics","score":0.6079999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.7037550806999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203311528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34132","display_name":"Cylinder","level":2,"score":0.5809246897697449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5336011052131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23509809374809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17310890555381775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4271/2015-01-0834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764835558","display_name":"SAE International Journal of Engines","issn_l":"1946-3936","issn":["1946-3936","1946-3944"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614468","host_organization_name":"SAE International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614468"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAE International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE International Journal of Engines","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536150609","https://openalex.org/W1537366915","https://openalex.org/W1555593005","https://openalex.org/W1588821599","https://openalex.org/W1723721894","https://openalex.org/W1731985808","https://openalex.org/W1781877502","https://openalex.org/W1963923002","https://openalex.org/W1969518950","https://openalex.org/W1970723517","https://openalex.org/W1977388147","https://openalex.org/W1979455022","https://openalex.org/W1981520453","https://openalex.org/W1988387774","https://openalex.org/W1991059399","https://openalex.org/W2005275539","https://openalex.org/W2038523255","https://openalex.org/W2053546768","https://openalex.org/W2065434372","https://openalex.org/W2068737886","https://openalex.org/W2071084575","https://openalex.org/W2071297030","https://openalex.org/W2078832238","https://openalex.org/W2084482715","https://openalex.org/W2086727861","https://openalex.org/W2114296953","https://openalex.org/W2156033869","https://openalex.org/W2158991584","https://openalex.org/W4251379679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156033869","https://openalex.org/W7167846753","https://openalex.org/W2053546768","https://openalex.org/W2005275539","https://openalex.org/W2071084575","https://openalex.org/W2774300877","https://openalex.org/W4404028550","https://openalex.org/W2301491013","https://openalex.org/W2586283155","https://openalex.org/W2918745701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"1.8L":[1],"Gasoline":[2],"Direct":[3],"Injection":[4,38],"Compression":[5],"Ignition":[6],"(GDCI)":[7],"engine":[8,16,24,174,203],"was":[9,25,110,127,148,156,186],"tested":[10],"over":[11],"a":[12,28,50],"wide":[13],"range":[14],"of":[15,64,107,172,183],"speeds":[17],"and":[18,46,60,77,91,130,140,218],"loads":[19],"using":[20,49,177],"RON91":[21],"gasoline.":[22],"The":[23],"operated":[26],"with":[27,54,72,136,191],"new":[29],"partially":[30],"premixed":[31],"combustion":[32,35,47,135,144,213],"process":[33],"without":[34],"mode":[36],"switching.":[37],"parameters":[39],"were":[40,99,175,204],"used":[41,129],"to":[42,123,150],"control":[43,214],"mixture":[44],"stratification":[45],"phasing":[48],"multiple-late":[51],"injection":[52,56,179],"strategy":[53],"GDi-like":[55],"pressures.":[57],"At":[58,120],"idle":[59],"low":[61,74,138],"loads,":[62],"rebreathing":[63,126],"hot":[65],"exhaust":[66,87],"gases":[67],"provided":[68],"stable":[69],"compression":[70],"ignition":[71],"very":[73,100,137],"engine-out":[75],"NOx":[76,139],"PM":[78],"emissions.":[79],"Rebreathing":[80],"enabled":[81,133],"reduced":[82,149],"boost":[83,152],"pressure,":[84],"while":[85,142],"increasing":[86],"temperatures":[88],"greatly.":[89],"Hydrocarbon":[90],"carbon":[92],"monoxide":[93],"emissions":[94],"after":[95],"the":[96,113,173,209],"oxidation":[97],"catalyst":[98],"low.":[101],"Brake":[102],"specific":[103],"fuel":[104],"consumption":[105],"(BSFC)":[106],"267":[108],"g/kWh":[109,160],"measured":[111,157,187],"at":[112,158,161,188,196],"2000":[114,189],"rpm-2bar":[115],"BMEP":[116,182,194],"global":[117],"test":[118],"point.":[119],"medium":[121],"load":[122,169],"maximum":[124],"torque,":[125],"not":[128],"cooled":[131],"EGR":[132],"low-temperature":[134],"PM,":[141],"meeting":[143],"noise":[145],"targets.":[146],"MAP":[147],"minimize":[151],"parasitics.":[153],"Minimum":[154],"BSFC":[155],"213":[159],"1800":[162],"rpm":[163],"-":[164],"12":[165],"bar":[166,185,193],"IMEP.":[167],"Full":[168],"torque":[170],"characteristics":[171],"developed":[176],"alternative":[178],"strategies.":[180],"Maximum":[181],"20.3":[184],"rpm,":[190],"17.4":[192],"achieved":[195],"1500":[197],"rpm.":[198],"Torque":[199],"objectives":[200],"for":[201,211],"this":[202],"met.":[205],"Transient":[206],"co-simulations":[207],"demonstrated":[208],"potential":[210],"good":[212],"during":[215],"hard":[216],"accelerations":[217],"gear":[219],"shift":[220],"transients.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}