{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004958743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0260-9827(88)90032-8","title":"Optimal partisan gerrymandering","display_name":"Optimal partisan gerrymandering","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004958743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0260-9827(88)90032-8","mag":"2004958743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0260-9827(88)90032-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0260-9827(88)90032-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0260-9827(88)90032-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103239605","display_name":"Political Geography Quarterly","issn_l":"0260-9827","issn":["0260-9827","1878-3937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Geography Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021382486","display_name":"Guillermo Owen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7151-2607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7151-2607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillermo Owen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Naval Post-Graduate School, and School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine CA 92717, USA","School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine CA 92717, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Naval Post-Graduate School, and School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine CA 92717, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine CA 92717, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045800347","display_name":"Bernard Grofman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-3351","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-3351"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Grofman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Naval Post-Graduate School, and School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine CA 92717, USA","School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92717, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Naval Post-Graduate School, and School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine CA 92717, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92717, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.7658,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98686508,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"5","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.039799999445676804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partisan-gerrymandering","display_name":"partisan gerrymandering","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redistricting","display_name":"redistricting","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-member-districts","display_name":"single-member districts","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-party-competition","display_name":"two-party competition","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-risk","display_name":"electoral risk","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislative-majority","display_name":"legislative majority","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seat-share","display_name":"seat share","score":0.7360000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779910420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476310","display_name":"Gerrymandering","level":4,"score":0.9953508377075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778477362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305983","display_name":"Redistricting","level":3,"score":0.9506484866142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.6596047282218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5544077754020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.44232478737831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4313703775405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.41320890188217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4113743305206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.40477028489112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3683830797672272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3259943723678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31230059266090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.23286780714988708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.2256898283958435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0260-9827(88)90032-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0260-9827(88)90032-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0260-9827(88)90032-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103239605","display_name":"Political Geography Quarterly","issn_l":"0260-9827","issn":["0260-9827","1878-3937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Geography Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.720.1922","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.720.1922","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.socsci.uci.edu/%7Ebgrofman/55%20Owen-Grofman-Optimal%20Partisan%20Gerrymandering.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W271311230","https://openalex.org/W626307192","https://openalex.org/W1971101400","https://openalex.org/W1975170246","https://openalex.org/W1983343409","https://openalex.org/W1993374471","https://openalex.org/W1995723467","https://openalex.org/W2000331498","https://openalex.org/W2007861920","https://openalex.org/W2018567710","https://openalex.org/W2048280846","https://openalex.org/W2053469324","https://openalex.org/W2065972081","https://openalex.org/W2087603541","https://openalex.org/W2112050300","https://openalex.org/W2165831473","https://openalex.org/W2168695899","https://openalex.org/W2313017425","https://openalex.org/W2795975101","https://openalex.org/W2797886323","https://openalex.org/W3200509525","https://openalex.org/W4232234215","https://openalex.org/W4250364858","https://openalex.org/W4254975150"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3124829556","https://openalex.org/W2488522792","https://openalex.org/W3211441440","https://openalex.org/W4366552802","https://openalex.org/W2569675217","https://openalex.org/W7098285945","https://openalex.org/W7097022008","https://openalex.org/W2171177080","https://openalex.org/W1971409428","https://openalex.org/W2070415297"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
