{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004689666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y","title":"Glucocorticoid-resistant polymyalgia rheumatica: pretreatment characteristics and tocilizumab therapy","display_name":"Glucocorticoid-resistant polymyalgia rheumatica: pretreatment characteristics and tocilizumab therapy","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004689666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y","mag":"2004689666","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24803231","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4844628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44888363","display_name":"Clinical Rheumatology","issn_l":"0770-3198","issn":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Rheumatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019043029","display_name":"Shunsuke Mori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-4252","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-4252","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7784-1796"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shunsuke Mori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic Disease, NHO Kumamoto Saishunsou National Hospital, 2659 Suya, Kohshi, Kumamoto, 861-1196, Japan. moris@saisyunsou1.hosp.go.jp","NHO Kumamoto Saishunsou National Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic Disease, NHO Kumamoto Saishunsou National Hospital, 2659 Suya, Kohshi, Kumamoto, 861-1196, Japan. moris@saisyunsou1.hosp.go.jp","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHO Kumamoto Saishunsou National Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109971192","display_name":"Yukinori Koga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukinori Koga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic Disease, NHO Kumamoto Saishunsou National Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic Disease, NHO Kumamoto Saishunsou National Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019043029"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4890},"apc_paid":{"value":4890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4890},"fwci":3.2444,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90918086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"5","first_page":"1367","last_page":"1375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10697","display_name":"Vasculitis and related conditions","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10697","display_name":"Vasculitis and related conditions","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14015","display_name":"Otitis Media and Relapsing Polychondritis","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymyalgia-rheumatica","display_name":"polymyalgia rheumatica","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucocorticoid-resistance","display_name":"glucocorticoid resistance","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tocilizumab","display_name":"tocilizumab","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methotrexate","display_name":"methotrexate","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfasalazine","display_name":"sulfasalazine","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prednisolone","display_name":"prednisolone","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucocorticoid-tapering","display_name":"glucocorticoid tapering","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-flares","display_name":"disease flares","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-limb-elevation","display_name":"upper limb elevation","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remission","display_name":"remission","score":0.6420000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9093761444091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777178219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425154","display_name":"Tocilizumab","level":3,"score":0.8442106246948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780079024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752891","display_name":"Polymyalgia rheumatica","level":5,"score":0.7683295607566833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776715498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426176","display_name":"Prednisolone","level":2,"score":0.7123185396194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781413609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7308373","display_name":"Regimen","level":2,"score":0.7070488333702087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6684756278991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781059491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422232","display_name":"Methotrexate","level":2,"score":0.6103067398071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422549","display_name":"Glucocorticoid","level":2,"score":0.555246114730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778720950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424972","display_name":"Prednisone","level":2,"score":0.5541189312934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114138010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7684542","display_name":"Tapering","level":2,"score":0.4451528787612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198451711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327657","display_name":"Rheumatology","level":2,"score":0.4450598359107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.40283551812171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776712624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q707816","display_name":"Giant cell arteritis","level":4,"score":0.28624409437179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777575956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187255","display_name":"Rheumatoid arthritis","level":2,"score":0.1379045844078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776015282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644318","display_name":"Vasculitis","level":3,"score":0.06439566612243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005938","descriptor_name":"Glucocorticoids","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008727","descriptor_name":"Methotrexate","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011111","descriptor_name":"Polymyalgia Rheumatica","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011239","descriptor_name":"Prednisolone","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011241","descriptor_name":"Prednisone","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019233","descriptor_name":"Retreatment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061067","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44888363","display_name":"Clinical Rheumatology","issn_l":"0770-3198","issn":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Rheumatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4844628","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4844628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clin Rheumatol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24803231","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24803231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical rheumatology","raw_type":"Case Reports"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10067-014-2650-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44888363","display_name":"Clinical Rheumatology","issn_l":"0770-3198","issn":["0770-3198","1434-9949"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Rheumatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2004689666.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2004689666.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140779711","https://openalex.org/W198992065","https://openalex.org/W1760709460","https://openalex.org/W1971672948","https://openalex.org/W1981062313","https://openalex.org/W1983403395","https://openalex.org/W1989068788","https://openalex.org/W1997377429","https://openalex.org/W2002426477","https://openalex.org/W2008624983","https://openalex.org/W2013618355","https://openalex.org/W2018881833","https://openalex.org/W2020229760","https://openalex.org/W2028475036","https://openalex.org/W2028534155","https://openalex.org/W2034248891","https://openalex.org/W2047558890","https://openalex.org/W2050116365","https://openalex.org/W2051461792","https://openalex.org/W2058219630","https://openalex.org/W2064030783","https://openalex.org/W2065329061","https://openalex.org/W2067809930","https://openalex.org/W2069886122","https://openalex.org/W2076498186","https://openalex.org/W2082734313","https://openalex.org/W2084214906","https://openalex.org/W2086598637","https://openalex.org/W2089514348","https://openalex.org/W2092526835","https://openalex.org/W2093556378","https://openalex.org/W2093961109","https://openalex.org/W2100028348","https://openalex.org/W2100651899","https://openalex.org/W2107640777","https://openalex.org/W2111894252","https://openalex.org/W2117565385","https://openalex.org/W2120197181","https://openalex.org/W2122165210","https://openalex.org/W2123012614","https://openalex.org/W2128783050","https://openalex.org/W2130592851","https://openalex.org/W2131718588","https://openalex.org/W2147116487","https://openalex.org/W2150453553","https://openalex.org/W2168309830","https://openalex.org/W2168788921","https://openalex.org/W2170001916","https://openalex.org/W2180244775"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2335648763","https://openalex.org/W2163176131","https://openalex.org/W2756295448","https://openalex.org/W2953105187","https://openalex.org/W2202120994","https://openalex.org/W1981062313","https://openalex.org/W2065329061","https://openalex.org/W2756048393","https://openalex.org/W2290444582","https://openalex.org/W2414858505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Treatment":[0],"with":[1,33,59,166,216],"glucocorticoid":[2],"(GC)":[3],"is":[4],"the":[5,19,83,97,112,117,136,151,155,198,204,223,227,238,243],"preferred":[6],"therapy":[7,215],"for":[8,31,187,197],"polymyalgia":[9],"rheumatica":[10],"(PMR),":[11],"but":[12,100],"some":[13],"patients":[14,32,54,73,164],"show":[15],"poor":[16],"responses":[17],"to":[18,68,82,96,108,131,153,192,213],"initial":[20,84,98],"GC":[21,27,34,85,106,139,167,214],"regimen":[22,86,99],"or":[23,91,115,217],"experience":[24],"flares":[25],"on":[26,226],"tapering.":[28],"Alternative":[29],"therapies":[30],"resistance":[35],"have":[36],"not":[37],"yet":[38],"been":[39,57],"established.":[40],"To":[41],"evaluate":[42],"pretreatment":[43],"characteristics":[44],"and":[45,64,135,147,180,236],"therapeutic":[46],"outcomes":[47],"of":[48,89,111,121,125,143,172,200,229,232,240,245],"GC-resistant":[49,72,133,163,188,206,246],"PMR,":[50],"we":[51],"followed":[52],"all":[53],"who":[55,78,93],"had":[56,79,94,101],"diagnosed":[58],"PMR":[60,144],"between":[61],"October":[62],"2007":[63],"February":[65],"2013,":[66],"according":[67],"our":[69],"standardized":[70],"protocol.":[71],"were":[74,129,138,159,195],"defined":[75],"as":[76,231],"those":[77,92],"responded":[80,95],"poorly":[81],"(15":[87],"mg/day":[88,110],"prednisolone)":[90],"experienced":[102],"a":[103],"flare":[104],"upon":[105],"tapering":[107],"5":[109],"maintenance":[113,122],"dose":[114],"within":[116],"first":[118],"6":[119],"months":[120],"therapy.":[123],"Out":[124],"23":[126],"patients,":[127,189],"nine":[128],"found":[130],"be":[132],"cases":[134,207],"others":[137],"responders.":[140,168],"Baseline":[141],"values":[142],"activity":[145],"score":[146],"its":[148],"components,":[149],"especially":[150],"ability":[152],"elevate":[154],"upper":[156],"limbs":[157],"(EUL),":[158],"significantly":[160],"higher":[161],"in":[162,208,242],"compared":[165],"The":[169],"additional":[170],"use":[171,228],"methotrexate":[173],"(MTX,":[174],"five":[175],"cases),":[176],"salazosulfapyridine":[177],"(one":[178],"case),":[179],"tocilizumab":[181],"(TCZ,":[182],"three":[183,205],"cases)":[184],"was":[185,211],"effective":[186],"although":[190],"13":[191],"39":[193],"weeks":[194],"required":[196],"achievement":[199],"remission.":[201],"We":[202,220],"report":[203],"which":[209],"TCZ":[210,230,241],"added":[212],"without":[218],"MTX.":[219],"also":[221],"review":[222],"medical":[224],"literature":[225],"January":[233],"31,":[234],"2014":[235],"discuss":[237],"utility":[239],"treatment":[244],"PMR.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}