{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004665274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2015.54040","title":"Community Monitoring of Forest Carbon Stocks and Safeguards Tracking in Kenya: Design and Implementation Considerations","display_name":"Community Monitoring of Forest Carbon Stocks and Safeguards Tracking in Kenya: Design and Implementation Considerations","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004665274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2015.54040","mag":"2004665274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojf.2015.54040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2015.54040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2015.54040","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=55838","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764773183","display_name":"Open Journal of Forestry","issn_l":"2163-0429","issn":["2163-0429","2163-0437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Forestry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=55838","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076999378","display_name":"Julius Muchemi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22607950","display_name":"University of Eldoret","ror":"https://ror.org/010crp378","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22607950"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julius G. Muchemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ERMIS Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ERMIS Africa, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22607950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006079451","display_name":"Michael Keith McCall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-3369","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-3369"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254809","display_name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Geograf\u00eda Ambiental","ror":"https://ror.org/028ngjx88","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254809","https://openalex.org/I8961855"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael K. McCall","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNAM CIGA, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Centro de Investigaciones en Geografia Ambiental (CIGA), Morelia, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNAM CIGA, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Centro de Investigaciones en Geografia Ambiental (CIGA), Morelia, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254809","https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022929578","display_name":"Francis Nyongesa Wegulo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195931504","display_name":"Egerton University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jk2zc89","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195931504"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis N. Wegulo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195931504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077669005","display_name":"James M. Kinyanjui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James M. Kinyanjui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Resources Survey and Remote Sensing, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Resources Survey and Remote Sensing, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031691460","display_name":"Alfred Gichu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158598","display_name":"Kenya Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/0526r9902","country_code":"KE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158598"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred N. Gichu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kenya Forest Service, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenya Forest Service, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072610065","display_name":"Elias Kerukaba Ucakuwun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-4870","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-4870"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22607950","display_name":"University of Eldoret","ror":"https://ror.org/010crp378","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22607950"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elias K. Ucakuwun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22607950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000328358","display_name":"Gilbert M. Nduru","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I221899656","display_name":"Karatina University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bm15q02","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I221899656"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilbert M. Nduru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I221899656"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076999378"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22607950"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04691028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"05","issue":"04","first_page":"457","last_page":"470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11753","display_name":"Forest Management and Policy","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-carbon-stocks","display_name":"forest carbon stocks","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redd","display_name":"REDD+","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-and-social-safeguards","display_name":"environmental and social safeguards","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-reference-emission-level","display_name":"forest reference emission level","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deforestation-and-forest-degradation","display_name":"deforestation and forest degradation","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monitoring-indicators","display_name":"monitoring indicators","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-peoples","display_name":"indigenous peoples","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-engagement","display_name":"community participation","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-surveys","display_name":"smartphone surveys","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing-and-gis","display_name":"remote sensing and GIS","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truthing","display_name":"ground truth validation","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights","display_name":"human rights","score":0.375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778405918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082970","display_name":"Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation","level":4,"score":0.5837917923927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.5583455562591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777399953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155658","display_name":"Deforestation (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.49521246552467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777989319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597393","display_name":"Illegal logging","level":3,"score":0.4639403820037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.436690092086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994081031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049066","display_name":"Carbon stock","level":3,"score":0.40571844577789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3853301703929901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.385122150182724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3246198296546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.24271342158317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.22638538479804993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.19504007697105408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17728736996650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125620115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845249","display_name":"Logging","level":2,"score":0.15632840991020203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.09717223048210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09354627132415771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojf.2015.54040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2015.54040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2015.54040","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=55838","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764773183","display_name":"Open Journal of Forestry","issn_l":"2163-0429","issn":["2163-0429","2163-0437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Forestry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:karuspace.karu.ac.ke:20.500.12092/2423","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://karuspace.karu.ac.ke/handle/20.500.12092/2423","pdf_url":"https://karuspace.karu.ac.ke/bitstream/20.500.12092/2423/1/Gilbert%20M.%20Nduru.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401519","display_name":"Karatina University Digital Repository (Karatina University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I221899656","host_organization_name":"Karatina University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I221899656"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojf.2015.54040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2015.54040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2015.54040","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=55838","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764773183","display_name":"Open Journal of Forestry","issn_l":"2163-0429","issn":["2163-0429","2163-0437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Forestry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332478","display_name":"U.S. Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2004665274.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2004665274.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168237287","https://openalex.org/W1489595378","https://openalex.org/W1501662969","https://openalex.org/W1524627526","https://openalex.org/W1531096409","https://openalex.org/W1607777818","https://openalex.org/W2003289090","https://openalex.org/W2010189956","https://openalex.org/W2032089575","https://openalex.org/W2039176752","https://openalex.org/W2059924891","https://openalex.org/W2061670574","https://openalex.org/W2064249491","https://openalex.org/W2091352190","https://openalex.org/W2143538975","https://openalex.org/W2152138353","https://openalex.org/W2161586297","https://openalex.org/W2162965190","https://openalex.org/W2260219419","https://openalex.org/W2407252957","https://openalex.org/W2503919285","https://openalex.org/W2580837522","https://openalex.org/W2798849220","https://openalex.org/W2921818270","https://openalex.org/W3193549685"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1689372841","https://openalex.org/W1524627526","https://openalex.org/W2176078337","https://openalex.org/W1973391424","https://openalex.org/W1596645193","https://openalex.org/W7075729511","https://openalex.org/W7096769760","https://openalex.org/W2003289090","https://openalex.org/W2022693374","https://openalex.org/W3211093936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,45,253],"investigates":[2],"modalities":[3,35],"required":[4,202],"to":[5,51,116,149,162,182,203,239,266,293],"design":[6],"and":[7,16,23,36,55,64,85,87,101,106,129,138,157,165,175,189,200,217,223,229,233,258,264,268,273,289,299],"implement":[8],"community":[9,40,247],"monitoring":[10,42,53,68,80,102,248,272],"of":[11,61,96,103,127,140,249,275,277],"forest":[12,41,97,118,123,130,141,270],"carbon":[13,98,271],"stock":[14],"changes":[15],"safeguards":[17,108,278],"implementation":[18,276],"in":[19,71,197,245],"Kenya.":[20],"General":[21],"principles":[22],"elements":[24,69,78],"were":[25,91,114,147,167,184,207,237],"drawn":[26],"from":[27],"the":[28,59,72,163,195,205,241,262,286,294],"UNFCCC":[29,73],"REDD+":[30,74,250],"policy":[31,47,63,75],"frameworks":[32],"for":[33,38,285],"developing":[34],"procedures":[37],"designing":[39],"system.":[43],"The":[44,77,186,212,252],"utilised":[46],"analysis":[48],"approach":[49],"used":[50,191],"derive":[52],"goals":[54,90,164],"objectives":[56,113,144,166],"by":[57,192],"assessing":[58],"compatibility":[60],"Kenya\u2019s":[62],"legislative":[65],"framework":[66],"with":[67,281,297],"provided":[70,180,296],"mechanism.":[76],"included":[79],"goals,":[81],"objectives,":[82],"questions,":[83],"indicators,":[84,172],"methods":[86,188,216],"tools.":[88],"Two":[89],"identified":[92,115,148,208,214],"which":[93,178],"included,":[94],"reduction":[95],"emissions":[99],"(ER)":[100],"multiple":[104],"social":[105],"environmental":[107,158],"(SG).":[109],"Five":[110],"ER":[111,136],"related":[112],"include:":[117,150],"reference":[119,124],"emission":[120],"levels":[121],"or":[122],"levels,":[125],"drivers":[126],"deforestation":[128],"degradation,":[131],"Land":[132],"use":[133],"activities,":[134],"eligible":[135],"actions":[137],"estimation":[139],"emissions.":[142],"Six":[143],"guiding":[145],"SG":[146],"policy,":[151],"governance,":[152],"human":[153],"rights,":[154],"socio-economic,":[155],"biodiversity":[156],"concerns.":[159],"Corresponding":[160],"questions":[161,183],"systematically":[168],"designed.":[169],"In":[170],"turns,":[171],"depicting":[173],"quantitative":[174],"qualitative":[176],"measurements,":[177],"best":[179],"answers":[181],"identified.":[185],"various":[187],"tools":[190,218,244],"communities":[193,257],"around":[194],"world":[196],"providing":[198],"data":[199],"information":[201],"satisfy":[204],"indictors":[206],"through":[209],"literature":[210],"review.":[211],"review":[213],"four":[215],"that":[219,255],"included:":[220],"Remote":[221],"Sensing":[222],"GIS,":[224],"GPS":[225],"survey,":[226],"smartphone":[227],"survey":[228],"Ground":[230],"trothing.":[231],"Smartphone":[232],"cloud-based":[234],"server":[235],"technology":[236],"found":[238],"be":[240],"recent":[242],"emergent":[243],"aiding":[246],"projects.":[251],"argues":[254],"local":[256],"indigenous":[259],"peoples":[260],"have":[261],"capability":[263],"capacity":[265],"monitor":[267],"undertake":[269],"tracking":[274],"if":[279],"supported":[280],"relevant":[282],"training;":[283],"compensated":[284],"time,":[287],"labour":[288],"knowledge":[290],"they":[291],"contribute":[292],"process;":[295],"feedback":[298],"involved":[300],"decision":[301],"making":[302],"process.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}