{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004605768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0266","title":"Dynamic changes in spatial microbial distribution in mixed-population biofilms: Experimental results and model simulation","display_name":"Dynamic changes in spatial microbial distribution in mixed-population biofilms: Experimental results and model simulation","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004605768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0266","mag":"2004605768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2166/wst.1995.0266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53450646","display_name":"Water Science & Technology","issn_l":"0273-1223","issn":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320146","host_organization_name":"Pergamon Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320146"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pergamon Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105987096","display_name":"Satoshi Okabe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Okabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058176193","display_name":"Kikuko Hirata","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405274973","display_name":"Pacific Consultants Co., Ltd. (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qh9je05","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405274973"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kikuko Hirata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Consultants Co. Ltd, 4-3-24, Nishinakazima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 532, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Consultants Co. Ltd, 4-3-24, Nishinakazima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 532, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405274973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027764877","display_name":"Yoshimasa Watanabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9668-3592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9668-3592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshimasa Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2752,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93578574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"8","first_page":"67","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10593","display_name":"Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrification","display_name":"nitrification","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrifying-bacteria","display_name":"nitrifying bacteria","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterotrophs","display_name":"heterotrophs","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotating-biological-contactor","display_name":"rotating biological contactor","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate-loading-rate","display_name":"substrate loading rate","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-diffusion-limitation","display_name":"oxygen diffusion limitation","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interspecific-competition","display_name":"interspecific competition","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-wastewater","display_name":"synthetic wastewater","score":0.6710000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58123911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410","display_name":"Biofilm","level":3,"score":0.7644470930099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.46149951219558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45400404930114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.44026079773902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.423819899559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.29348140954971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15359660983085632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.14152967929840088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1336531937122345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2166/wst.1995.0266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53450646","display_name":"Water Science & Technology","issn_l":"0273-1223","issn":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320146","host_organization_name":"Pergamon Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320146"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pergamon Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/0273-1223(96)00009-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1223(96)00009-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1223(96)00009-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53450646","display_name":"Water Science & Technology","issn_l":"0273-1223","issn":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320146","host_organization_name":"Pergamon Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320146"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pergamon Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6618000268936157,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515985097","https://openalex.org/W1546942678","https://openalex.org/W1975786398","https://openalex.org/W2007354801","https://openalex.org/W2055393579","https://openalex.org/W2069268726","https://openalex.org/W2161978696","https://openalex.org/W2238155776","https://openalex.org/W2338816278","https://openalex.org/W2346908799","https://openalex.org/W2519200005","https://openalex.org/W2523808692","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2168642976","https://openalex.org/W2077261605","https://openalex.org/W2523808692","https://openalex.org/W2525045241","https://openalex.org/W2513958854","https://openalex.org/W2156554750","https://openalex.org/W2161978696","https://openalex.org/W2058193556","https://openalex.org/W2085490586","https://openalex.org/W2075006485"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dynamic":[0],"changes":[1],"in":[2,6,35,66,70,78,87,122,151,181,190,202],"spatial":[3,106],"microbial":[4,68,105,188],"distribution":[5,107],"mixed-population":[7],"biofilms":[8,33],"were":[9,26,45,84],"experimentally":[10],"determined":[11],"using":[12],"a":[13,19,102,112,131,162,171],"microslicer":[14],"technique":[15],"and":[16,63,76,91,120],"simulated":[17,147],"by":[18],"biofilm":[20,90,137,192],"accumulation":[21],"model":[22,30],"(BAM).":[23],"Experimental":[24,50],"results":[25,51],"compared":[27],"with":[28,42],"the":[29,67,71,79,88,94,123,135,140,146,152,156,177,191,203],"simulation.":[31],"The":[32,185],"cultured":[34],"partially":[36],"submerged":[37],"rotating":[38],"biological":[39],"contactors":[40],"(RBC)":[41],"synthetic":[43],"wastewater":[44],"used":[46],"as":[47],"test":[48],"materials.":[49],"showed":[52],"that":[53],"an":[54],"increase":[55],"of":[56,125,134,187,198,200,205],"substrate":[57],"loading":[58,100,159],"rate":[59,160],"(i.e.,":[60],"organic":[61,99,206],"carbon":[62,158],"NH4-N)":[64],"resulted":[65,121],"stratification":[69,142,189],"biofilms.":[72],"Heterotrophs":[73],"defeated":[74],"nitrifiers":[75,83,119],"dominated":[77],"outer":[80,89],"biofilm,":[81],"whereas":[82],"diluted":[85],"out":[86],"forced":[92],"into":[93],"inner":[95],"biofilm.":[96],"At":[97],"higher":[98],"rates,":[101],"stronger":[103,144],"stratified":[104,136],"was":[108,143],"observed,":[109],"which":[110],"imposed":[111],"severe":[113],"internal":[114],"oxygen":[115,182],"diffusion":[116,183],"limitation":[117],"on":[118],"deterioration":[124],"nitrification":[126,165,201],"efficiency.":[127],"Model":[128],"simulations":[129],"described":[130],"general":[132],"trend":[133],"structure.":[138],"However,":[139],"actual":[141],"than":[145],"results.":[148],"For":[149],"implication":[150],"reactor":[153],"design,":[154],"when":[155],"specific":[157],"exceeds":[161],"certain":[163],"limit,":[164],"will":[166],"be":[167],"deteriorated":[168],"or":[169],"require":[170],"long":[172],"start-up":[173],"period":[174],"due":[175],"to":[176],"interspecies":[178],"competition":[179],"resulting":[180],"limitation.":[184],"extend":[186],"is":[193],"especially":[194],"important":[195],"for":[196],"determination":[197],"feasibility":[199],"presence":[204],"matters.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
