{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004605432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1658256","title":"Temperature of a Laser-Heated Carbon Plasma","display_name":"Temperature of a Laser-Heated Carbon Plasma","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004605432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1658256","mag":"2004605432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1658256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1658256","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1658256","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187991544","display_name":"Journal of Applied Physics","issn_l":"0021-8979","issn":["0021-8979","1089-7550","1520-8850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060872185","display_name":"C. David","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800117799","display_name":"Kirtland Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/04erk7g84","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800117799","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. D. David","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Weapons Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Weapons Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800117799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064765086","display_name":"Hugo Weichel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800117799","display_name":"Kirtland Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/04erk7g84","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800117799","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Weichel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Weapons Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Weapons Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800117799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800117799"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1535,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77502524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"9","first_page":"3674","last_page":"3679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10384","display_name":"Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics","score":0.8964999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10384","display_name":"Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics","score":0.8964999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11854","display_name":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","score":0.049800001084804535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs","score":0.03020000085234642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-heated-plasma","display_name":"laser-heated plasma","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-plasma","display_name":"carbon plasma","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-temperature","display_name":"plasma temperature","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolytic-graphite","display_name":"pyrolytic graphite","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ruby-laser","display_name":"ruby laser","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-switched-laser","display_name":"Q-switched laser","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamic-equilibrium","display_name":"thermodynamic equilibrium","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-temperature","display_name":"electron temperature","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"interferometry","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"spectroscopy","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-conservation-physics","display_name":"energy conservation (physics)","score":0.9800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.8397300243377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131157278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51363","display_name":"Thermodynamic equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.7039403319358826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22175881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7201785","display_name":"Electron temperature","level":3,"score":0.67788165807724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6775980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4363445","display_name":"Pyrolytic carbon","level":3,"score":0.6436342597007751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5847339034080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778613923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933263","display_name":"Ruby laser","level":3,"score":0.49893760681152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.47697243094444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192039680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7201785","display_name":"Plasma parameters","level":3,"score":0.4432687759399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.44090554118156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43503373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7201771","display_name":"Plasma diagnostics","level":3,"score":0.4398260712623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3239887058734894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.22083055973052979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1130710244178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06980118155479431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1658256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1658256","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1658256","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187991544","display_name":"Journal of Applied Physics","issn_l":"0021-8979","issn":["0021-8979","1089-7550","1520-8850"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508941201","https://openalex.org/W1965846404","https://openalex.org/W1972576920","https://openalex.org/W1978171975","https://openalex.org/W1989575808","https://openalex.org/W2028473970","https://openalex.org/W2045066037","https://openalex.org/W2061260520","https://openalex.org/W2082587966","https://openalex.org/W2087858939","https://openalex.org/W2102434391","https://openalex.org/W3114019710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025195688","https://openalex.org/W2060066056","https://openalex.org/W2097465872","https://openalex.org/W2017171554","https://openalex.org/W2065605730","https://openalex.org/W2990016069","https://openalex.org/W2092105151","https://openalex.org/W2042443808","https://openalex.org/W2975460048","https://openalex.org/W1968245097"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"temperature":[1,37,74,101],"of":[2,45,62,85,96,102],"a":[3,12,17,94,100],"laser-heated":[4],"carbon":[5],"plasma,":[6],"formed":[7],"by":[8],"the":[9,34,48,65,72,80,89],"interaction":[10],"between":[11],"Q-switched":[13],"ruby":[14],"laser":[15,60],"and":[16,27,56],"pyrolytic":[18],"graphite":[19],"slab,":[20],"has":[21],"been":[22],"measured":[23],"using":[24],"interferometric,":[25],"spectroscopic,":[26],"energy":[28],"conservation":[29],"techniques.":[30],"Results":[31],"indicate":[32],"that":[33,58],"maximum":[35],"plasma":[36,49,66,81,90],"is":[38,50,54,67],"less":[39],"than":[40,79],"10":[41],"eV.":[42],"A":[43],"method":[44],"determining":[46],"whether":[47],"in":[51,69],"thermodynamic":[52,97],"equilibrium":[53,98],"employed":[55],"indicates":[57],"at":[59],"fluxes":[61,84],"109":[63],"W/cm2":[64],"not":[68],"LTE":[70],"with":[71,99],"electron":[73],"nearly":[75],"an":[76],"order-of-magnitude":[77],"larger":[78],"temperature.":[82],"For":[83],"1010":[86],"W/cm2,":[87],"however,":[88],"appears":[91],"to":[92],"approach":[93],"state":[95],"2eV.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
