{"id":"https://openalex.org/W200459397","doi":null,"title":"Comprehension and choice of a consumer-directed health plan: an experimental study.","display_name":"Comprehension and choice of a consumer-directed health plan: an experimental study.","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W200459397","mag":"200459397","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18554075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:18554075","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18554075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of managed care","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087602298","display_name":"Jessica Greene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1664-3804","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1664-3804"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181233156","display_name":"University of Oregon","ror":"https://ror.org/0293rh119","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Greene","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Planning, Public Policy & Management, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1209, USA. jessicag@uoregon.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Planning, Public Policy & Management, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1209, USA. jessicag@uoregon.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040147060","display_name":"Ellen M. Peters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0702-6169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0702-6169"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110881813","display_name":"C. K. Mertz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C K Mertz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052527590","display_name":"Judith H. Hibbard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8376-8343","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8376-8343"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith H Hibbard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6331,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97472615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"369","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.7548999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.7548999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.1054999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.04740000143647194,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-driven-health-plans","display_name":"consumer-directed health plans","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-plan-choice","display_name":"health insurance choice","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numeracy","display_name":"numeracy","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-literacy","display_name":"health literacy","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation-format","display_name":"presentation format","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-by-side-comparison","display_name":"side-by-side comparison","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preferred-provider-organizations","display_name":"preferred provider organizations","score":0.6460000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53537400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140637","display_name":"Numeracy","level":3,"score":0.8502614498138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.8218259811401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.6692290902137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778843546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3097973","display_name":"Health literacy","level":3,"score":0.6513684988021851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5188413858413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4491099715232849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.41356921195983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3792504072189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.37469685077667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34883856773376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3294597864151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.312679648399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26842594146728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002755","descriptor_name":"Choice Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003256","descriptor_name":"Community Participation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006264","descriptor_name":"Health Benefit Plans, Employee","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009922","descriptor_name":"Oregon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032882","descriptor_name":"Comprehension","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:18554075","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18554075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of managed care","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:200459397","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18554075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67279148","https://openalex.org/W117849034","https://openalex.org/W171621893","https://openalex.org/W1237552737","https://openalex.org/W1565156232","https://openalex.org/W1566936261","https://openalex.org/W1918666663","https://openalex.org/W1958326303","https://openalex.org/W1973961158","https://openalex.org/W1998242056","https://openalex.org/W2033347752","https://openalex.org/W2062607944","https://openalex.org/W2063963293","https://openalex.org/W2072715880","https://openalex.org/W2086901519","https://openalex.org/W2100026878","https://openalex.org/W2102437539","https://openalex.org/W2112813794","https://openalex.org/W2140991651","https://openalex.org/W2143846209","https://openalex.org/W2395815695","https://openalex.org/W2398490427","https://openalex.org/W2440119182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072715880","https://openalex.org/W2725824808","https://openalex.org/W2143846209","https://openalex.org/W2110494693","https://openalex.org/W2341308249","https://openalex.org/W1984864528","https://openalex.org/W2598383761","https://openalex.org/W2101812029","https://openalex.org/W67279148","https://openalex.org/W2189180562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"To":[1],"examine":[2,103],"the":[3,104,141,149,152,162,176,180,186,212,237],"extent":[4],"to":[5,19,63,78,102,139,147,161,175,194],"which":[6,39],"numeracy":[7,91,108,119],"predicts":[8],"consumer-directed":[9],"health":[10,15],"plan":[11,16,65,220],"(CDHP)":[12],"comprehension":[13,22,89,114,157,168,203],"and":[14,48,74,92,95,109,115,120,154,222],"choice.":[17,116],"Also,":[18],"test":[20],"whether":[21,75],"can":[23],"be":[24],"improved":[25],"using":[26,204],"different":[27,58],"presentation":[28,110,121,188,206,233],"approaches.":[29],"STUDY":[30],"DESIGN:":[31],"We":[32],"conducted":[33],"an":[34,144],"experimental":[35],"laboratory":[36],"study":[37,210],"in":[38,56,67,217,223],"303":[40],"adults":[41],"viewed":[42],"information":[43,191,221],"about":[44,132],"a":[45,49,68,71,80,85,199],"hypothetical":[46,50],"CDHP":[47,113,153],"preferred":[51],"provider":[52],"organization":[53],"(PPO)":[54],"presented":[55],"several":[57],"ways.":[59],"Participants":[60,83,183],"were":[61,100,123,135,172],"randomized":[62],"view":[64,79],"comparisons":[66],"side-by-side":[69],"or":[70,76],"common/unique":[72,187],"format,":[73],"not":[77,173],"framework.":[81],"METHODS:":[82],"completed":[84],"survey":[86],"that":[87,171,185,205,231],"included":[88],"items,":[90],"literacy":[93],"assessments,":[94],"sociodemographics.":[96],"Multivariate":[97],"regression":[98],"models":[99],"developed":[101],"independent":[105],"effects":[106],"of":[107,189],"approach":[111],"on":[112,158,169],"Interactions":[117],"between":[118,151],"approaches":[122],"tested.":[124],"RESULTS:":[125],"Although":[126],"less":[127,131,181,202,238],"numerate":[128],"consumers":[129,215],"understood":[130],"CDHPs,":[133],"they":[134],"substantially":[136],"more":[137],"likely":[138],"select":[140],"CDHP.":[142],"Providing":[143],"overarching":[145],"framework":[146,163],"highlight":[148],"differences":[150],"PPO":[155],"boosted":[156],"items":[159,170],"related":[160,174],"message.":[164],"However,":[165],"it":[166],"reduced":[167],"framework,":[177],"particularly":[178],"among":[179],"numerate.":[182],"reported":[184],"comparative":[190,219],"was":[192,198],"easier":[193],"understand,":[195],"yet":[196],"there":[197],"trend":[200],"toward":[201],"approach.":[207],"CONCLUSIONS:":[208],"This":[209],"highlights":[211],"difficulty":[213],"many":[214],"have":[216],"understanding":[218],"making":[224],"informed":[225],"healthcare":[226],"choices.":[227],"Findings":[228],"also":[229],"indicate":[230],"some":[232],"strategies":[234],"may":[235],"help":[236],"skilled":[239],"understand":[240],"choices":[241],"better.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}