{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004576165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1994.184","title":"Oral triazolam is potentially hazardous to patients receiving systemic antimycotics ketoconazole or itraconazole","display_name":"Oral triazolam is potentially hazardous to patients receiving systemic antimycotics ketoconazole or itraconazole","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004576165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1994.184","mag":"2004576165","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7995001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/clpt.1994.184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1994.184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1994.184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159852663","display_name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics","issn_l":"0009-9236","issn":["0009-9236","1085-8733","1532-6535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052949887","display_name":"Anu Varhe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anu Varhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland","Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091721438","display_name":"Klaus Tapio Olkkola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7872-8665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7872-8665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus T Olkkola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089475081","display_name":"Pertti J. Neuvonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3631-9411","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3631-9411"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pertti J Neuvonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089475081"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"],"apc_list":{"value":4410,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4410},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.4014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":277,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99252905,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"6","first_page":"601","last_page":"607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10150","display_name":"Antifungal resistance and susceptibility","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10496","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triazolam","display_name":"triazolam","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ketoconazole","display_name":"ketoconazole","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/itraconazole","display_name":"itraconazole","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-drug-interactions","display_name":"drug-drug interactions","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyp3a4-inhibition","display_name":"CYP3A4 inhibition","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"pharmacokinetics","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacodynamics","display_name":"pharmacodynamics","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzodiazepines","display_name":"benzodiazepines","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antifungal-agents","display_name":"antifungal agents","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-concentration","display_name":"plasma concentration","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779738154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412143","display_name":"Triazolam","level":4,"score":0.9876554012298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781064554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407883","display_name":"Ketoconazole","level":3,"score":0.9511153697967529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777071850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411229","display_name":"Itraconazole","level":3,"score":0.8688954710960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.7161412239074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.7027601599693298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87813604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242899","display_name":"Crossover study","level":4,"score":0.5805101990699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109650736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424440","display_name":"CYP3A4","level":4,"score":0.5454344153404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.5187051892280579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111113717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725307","display_name":"Pharmacodynamics","level":3,"score":0.5121974349021912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779303165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417909","display_name":"Terfenadine","level":2,"score":0.47516152262687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4747239351272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97320921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718753","display_name":"Drug interaction","level":3,"score":0.4496309757232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3535524308681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31619977951049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83871","display_name":"Benzodiazepine","level":3,"score":0.23525574803352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.22453534603118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779548794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578726","display_name":"Antifungal","level":2,"score":0.0947495698928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526171541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407693","display_name":"Cytochrome P450","level":3,"score":0.08603894710540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62231903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolism","level":2,"score":0.07906284928321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.05710768699645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000284","descriptor_name":"Administration, Oral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003577","descriptor_name":"Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004357","descriptor_name":"Drug Synergism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006207","descriptor_name":"Half-Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007654","descriptor_name":"Ketoconazole","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014229","descriptor_name":"Triazolam","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014229","descriptor_name":"Triazolam","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017964","descriptor_name":"Itraconazole","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/clpt.1994.184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1994.184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1994.184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159852663","display_name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics","issn_l":"0009-9236","issn":["0009-9236","1085-8733","1532-6535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7995001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7995001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130008321","https://openalex.org/W2054040800","https://openalex.org/W2006753479","https://openalex.org/W1998864813","https://openalex.org/W1979855339","https://openalex.org/W4318598667","https://openalex.org/W2067516153","https://openalex.org/W2103445734","https://openalex.org/W2323853581","https://openalex.org/W1939608787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Triazolam":[1],"is":[2,30],"metabolized":[3],"by":[4],"CYP3A4":[5,19,214],"isozyme.":[6],"Ketoconazole":[7],"and":[8,47,91,95,108,120,132,137,170,189,195,203,207,218],"itraconazole":[9,109,171,196],"may":[10],"seriously":[11,197],"interact":[12],"with":[13,26],"some":[14],"of":[15,18,85,89,145,153,201,209,213,221,230,235],"the":[16,42,111,114,125,133,146,150,160,164,168,177,187,199,205,216,226,231],"substrates":[17],"(e.g.,":[20,176],"terfenadine);":[21],"hence":[22],"their":[23],"possible":[24],"interaction":[25,43,227],"triazolam":[27,48,90,115,154,202,222,238],"in":[28,155],"humans":[29],"important":[31],"to":[32,101,224],"uncover.":[33],"METHODS:":[34],"In":[35,143],"this":[36,236],"double-blind,":[37],"randomized,":[38],"three-phase":[39],"crossover":[40],"study,":[41],"between":[44,186],"ketoconazole,":[45,59],"itraconazole,":[46,62],"was":[49,157],"investigated.":[50],"Nine":[51],"healthy":[52],"young":[53],"volunteers":[54],"received":[55],"either":[56],"400":[57],"mg":[58,61,83],"200":[60],"or":[63,247],"matched":[64],"placebo":[65,190],"(control":[66],"phase)":[67],"orally":[68],"once":[69],"a":[70,80,183],"day":[71,76],"for":[72],"4":[73],"days.":[74],"On":[75,105],"4,":[77],"each":[78],"ingested":[79],"single":[81],"0.25":[82],"dose":[84],"triazolam.":[86],"Plasma":[87],"concentrations":[88,127,166],"antimycotics":[92,161],"were":[93,98,163],"determined,":[94],"pharmacodynamic":[96,174],"effects":[97,175],"measured":[99],"up":[100],"17":[102],"hours.":[103],"RESULTS:":[104],"average,":[106],"ketoconazole":[107,169,194,246],"increased":[110],"area":[112],"under":[113],"concentration-time":[116],"curve":[117],"[AUC(0-infinity)]":[118],"22-fold":[119],"27-fold":[121],"(p":[122,129,139],"<":[123,130,140],"0.001),":[124,131,141],"peak":[126],"threefold":[128],"elimination":[134,219],"half-life":[135],"sixfold":[136],"sevenfold":[138],"respectively.":[142],"seven":[144],"nine":[147],"subjects,":[148],"even":[149],"maximum":[151],"concentration":[152],"plasma":[156],"lower":[158],"without":[159],"than":[162],"17-hour":[165],"during":[167,215],"phases.":[172,191],"All":[173],"Digit":[178],"Symbol":[179],"Substitution":[180],"Test)":[181],"revealed":[182],"significant":[184],"difference":[185],"antimycotic":[188],"CONCLUSIONS:":[192],"Both":[193],"affect":[198],"pharmacokinetics":[200],"increase":[204],"intensity":[206],"duration":[208],"its":[210],"effects.":[211],"Inhibition":[212],"absorption":[217],"phases":[220],"seems":[223],"explain":[225],"observed.":[228],"Because":[229],"potentially":[232],"hazardous":[233],"consequences":[234],"interaction,":[237],"should":[239],"be":[240],"avoided":[241],"if":[242],"patients":[243],"are":[244],"using":[245],"itraconazole.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
