{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004546901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502003001100001","title":"Experimental model: historic and conceptual revision","display_name":"Experimental model: historic and conceptual revision","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004546901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502003001100001","mag":"2004546901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1590/s0102-86502003001100001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502003001100001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502003001100001","pdf_url":"https://www.scielo.br/j/acb/a/qGVwFmwpfNxYRLRfb5QzRxs/?lang=en&format=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44202665","display_name":"Acta Cir\u00fargica Brasileira","issn_l":"0102-8650","issn":["0102-8650","1678-2674"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312195","host_organization_name":"Sociedade Brasileira Para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312195"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sociedade Brasileira Para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Cirurgica Brasileira","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.scielo.br/j/acb/a/qGVwFmwpfNxYRLRfb5QzRxs/?lang=en&format=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059883993","display_name":"Lydia Masako Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6661-1830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6661-1830"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145268","display_name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/03se9eg94","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145268"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88273585","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02k5swt12","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88273585"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lydia Masako Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["FMUSP","UNIFESP"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FMUSP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIFESP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88273585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053101693","display_name":"Luiz Kobuti Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-047X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-047X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145268","display_name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/03se9eg94","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145268"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88273585","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02k5swt12","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88273585"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luiz Roberto Kobuti Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["FMUSP","UNIFESP"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FMUSP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIFESP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88273585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"fwci":7.3114,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96518601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"spe","first_page":"01","last_page":"03"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.7583000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.7583000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.20970000326633453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11555","display_name":"Methodologies in Health Research and Practice","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-model","display_name":"experimental model","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-production","display_name":"knowledge production","score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioethics","display_name":"bioethics","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-experimentation","display_name":"animal experimentation","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare","display_name":"animal welfare","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare-assessment","display_name":"animal welfare assessment","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare-improvement","display_name":"animal welfare improvement","score":0.31200000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.42982780933380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2979044020175934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.05753159523010254}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1590/s0102-86502003001100001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502003001100001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502003001100001","pdf_url":"https://www.scielo.br/j/acb/a/qGVwFmwpfNxYRLRfb5QzRxs/?lang=en&format=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44202665","display_name":"Acta Cir\u00fargica Brasileira","issn_l":"0102-8650","issn":["0102-8650","1678-2674"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312195","host_organization_name":"Sociedade Brasileira Para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312195"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sociedade Brasileira Para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Cirurgica Brasileira","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:americanae.aecid.es:2783535","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/1604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400786","display_name":"Americanae (AECID Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"reponame:Reposit\u00f3rio Institucional da UNIFESP","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scielo:S0102-86502003001100001","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0102-86502003001100001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Cir\u00fargica Brasileira v.18 n.spe 2003","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:americanae.aecid.es:2493337","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-86502003001100001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400786","display_name":"Americanae (AECID Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acta Cirurgica Brasileira v.18 n.spe 2003","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unifesp.br:11600/1604","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/1604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"instacron:UNIFESP","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1590/s0102-86502003001100001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502003001100001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502003001100001","pdf_url":"https://www.scielo.br/j/acb/a/qGVwFmwpfNxYRLRfb5QzRxs/?lang=en&format=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44202665","display_name":"Acta Cir\u00fargica Brasileira","issn_l":"0102-8650","issn":["0102-8650","1678-2674"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312195","host_organization_name":"Sociedade Brasileira Para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312195"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sociedade Brasileira Para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Cirurgica Brasileira","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2004546901.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2004546901.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530080274","https://openalex.org/W1539473586","https://openalex.org/W1593353716","https://openalex.org/W2026416691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096368710","https://openalex.org/W7099431145","https://openalex.org/W7100942274","https://openalex.org/W7096273610","https://openalex.org/W3200220237","https://openalex.org/W1864916401","https://openalex.org/W410453186","https://openalex.org/W92763615","https://openalex.org/W7098124119","https://openalex.org/W4243629058"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,340,403],"qualification":[1],"of":[2,8,18,40,63,74,233,283,302,317,320,358,372,383,405,453,465,484],"the":[3,9,24,50,55,64,75,78,85,89,102,116,155,174,177,182,193,207,212,222,249,252,416,438,444],"new":[4],"knowledge":[5,33,43],"is":[6,67,135,168],"one":[7,17,145,470],"oldest":[10],"problems":[11],"in":[12,29,34,101,106,129,143,235,275,291,351,365,441],"experimental":[13,27,65],"science.For":[14],"this":[15,433],"reason,":[16],"Science'":[19],"s":[20,45],"priorities":[21],"has":[22,47,98],"been":[23,99],"search":[25],"for":[26,407,436,480],"model,":[28,466],"order":[30],"to":[31,52,68,138,179,195,209,267,362,387,393,412,475],"produce":[32],"a":[35,42,119,130,148,260,280,296,314,318,334,347,352,355,359,373,457],"more":[36],"standardized":[37],"way.The":[38],"importance":[39],"inferring":[41],"generation'":[44],"model":[46,66,213,229,258,278,312,345,408],"derived":[48,161,285],"from":[49,110,115,162,192,201,287],"need":[51],"exactly":[53],"understand":[54],"mechanisms":[56],"that":[57,118,124,310,322,468],"generate":[58],"these":[59],"data.The":[60],"greatest":[61],"advantage":[62],"allow":[69],"understanding":[70],"preditions":[71],"and":[72,77,114,188,200,289,331,414],"controling":[73],"results":[76],"method":[79],"and,":[80],"at":[81,218,307],"same":[82],"time,":[83,311],"keep":[84],"bioethical":[86],"principles":[87],"concerning":[88],"\"":[90,95,157,163,186,189,198,204,477],"anima":[91],"nobile\"":[92],".To":[93],"define":[94],"Experimental":[96],"Model\"":[97],"controversial":[100],"different":[103,131],"areas.The":[104],"difficulties":[105],"its":[107,141,152,398,442],"definition":[108,134,146,214],"comes":[109],"each":[111,133],"area":[112],"complexity":[113],"fact":[117],"term":[120,156,184],"demand":[121],"other":[122,445],"terms":[123],"are":[125],"ambigous":[126],"or":[127,270,300,306,326,329,336,370,375,380,385,390,395,400,482],"used":[128,169,183],"sense.Individually,":[132],"not":[136],"sufficient":[137],"clearly":[139],"describe":[140,333,344],"meaning.Thus,":[142],"general,":[144],"comprehend":[147],"little":[149,166],"facet":[150],"inside":[151],"own":[153],"approach.Historically,":[154],"modulus\"":[158],"(from":[159],"latin,":[160],"modus\"":[164],",":[165,450],"measure)":[167],"since":[170],"23":[171],"B.C.":[172],"throughout":[173],"eighteenth":[175,250],"century.From":[176],"eleventh":[178],"fourteenth":[180,194],"century,":[181,197,211,251],"was":[185,313,472],"standard\"":[187],"mould\"":[190],";":[191],"sixteeth":[196],"measure\"":[199],"then":[202],"on,":[203],"model\"":[205],".From":[206],"seventh":[208],"nineteenth":[210],"were":[215],"mainly":[216],"aimed":[217],"abstract":[219,330],"models.For":[220],"example,":[221],"philosopher":[223],"Blaise":[224],"Pascal,":[225],"around":[226],"1650,":[227],"described":[228],"as":[230,259,279,295,346],"an":[231,263,485],"act":[232],"spirit":[234],"which":[236],"we":[237],"can":[238],"inspire":[239],"ourselves":[240],"(ouvrage":[241],"d'":[242],"esprit":[243],"dont":[244],"on":[245],"peut":[246],"s'":[247],"inspirer).In":[248],"French":[253],"encyclopedia,":[254],"dated":[255],"1765":[256],"defines":[257],"generic":[261],"sense,":[262],"original":[264],"pattern,":[265,297],"proposed":[266],"be":[268,324,363,388,396],"copied":[269,389],"imitated":[271],"by":[272],"anyone.Horst":[273],"Koller,":[274],"1969,":[276],"defined":[277,293],"simplified":[281,315,356],"representation":[282,316,350],"reality":[284],"only":[286,469],"abstraction":[288],"Brockhaus,":[290],"1971,":[292],"it,":[294],"ideal,":[298],"reproduction":[299],"graphic":[301],"things":[303],"(enlarged,":[304],"reduced":[305,353],"natural":[308],"size).At":[309],"part":[319],"reality,":[321],"could":[323],"material":[325,479],"idealistic,":[327],"concrete":[328],"would":[332],"future":[335],"present":[337],"state.":[338],"1":[339],"English":[341],"language":[342,439],"dictionaires":[343],"three":[348],"dimensions":[349],"scale;":[354],"description":[357],"system;":[360],"figure":[361],"reproduced":[364],"any":[366],"material;":[367],"specific":[368],"design":[369],"style":[371],"structure":[374],"convenience;":[376],"exemplary":[377],"person,":[378],"thing":[379,386],"ideal;":[381],"example":[382],"person":[384,392],"imitated;":[391],"pose":[394],"shown;":[397],"piece":[399],"copy.":[401],"2":[402,420],"profusion":[404],"meanings":[406,424,464],"makes":[409],"it":[410],"difficult":[411],"conciliate":[413],"specify":[415],"term.The":[417],"Oxford":[418],"Dictionairy":[419],"inscribes":[421],"about":[422,462],"40":[423],"(with":[425],"subsections).William":[426],"de":[427],"Humboldt":[428],"e":[429],"Ludwig":[430],"Wittgenstein":[431],"justified":[432],"amount":[434],"because,":[435],"them,":[437],"dwells":[440],"use.On":[443],"hand,":[446],"Wolfgang":[447],"Brezinska":[448],"3":[449],"Pedagogy":[451],"teacher":[452],"Konstanz":[454],"University,":[455],"accomplished":[456],"20":[458],"pages":[459],"extensive":[460],"work":[461],"15":[463],"conluding":[467],"meaning":[471],"most":[473],"useful":[474],"pedagogy:":[476],"teaching":[478],"ilustration":[481],"exposition":[483],"original\"":[486],".1.":[487]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-11T09:22:31.653822","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
