{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004507897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00314-8","title":"GIF biology and fat metabolism","display_name":"GIF biology and fat metabolism","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004507897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00314-8","mag":"2004507897","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10666005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00314-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00314-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00314-8","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024320599003148/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175775512","display_name":"Life Sciences","issn_l":"0024-3205","issn":["0024-3205","1879-0631"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Life Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024320599003148/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089351116","display_name":"Rupert G. Yip","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rupert G.C. Yip","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, MA 02118, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, MA 02118, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055037445","display_name":"M. Michael Wolfe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-8874","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-8874"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.Michael Wolfe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, Evans 201, Boston, MA 02118, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, Evans 201, Boston, MA 02118, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"fwci":0.522,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":271,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44776119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"2","first_page":"91","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10489","display_name":"Regulation of Appetite and Obesity","score":0.4844000041484833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10489","display_name":"Regulation of Appetite and Obesity","score":0.4844000041484833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.34940001368522644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.04520000144839287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide","display_name":"glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gip-receptor","display_name":"GIP receptor","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incretin-hormones","display_name":"incretins","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enteroinsular-axis","display_name":"enteroinsular axis","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-secretion","display_name":"insulin secretion","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fat-metabolism","display_name":"fat metabolism","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adipose-tissue","display_name":"adipose tissue","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatty-acid-synthesis","display_name":"fatty acid synthesis","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triacylglycerol-biosynthesis","display_name":"triglyceride synthesis","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"insulin sensitivity","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipolysis","display_name":"lipolysis","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/g-protein-coupled-receptors","display_name":"G protein-coupled receptors","score":0.8320000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776129832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22677256","display_name":"Gastric inhibitory polypeptide","level":4,"score":0.8766785264015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.8491612672805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.8424879312515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778881409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420402","display_name":"Incretin","level":4,"score":0.7230895161628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171089720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193583","display_name":"Adipose tissue","level":2,"score":0.6740381121635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.6685430407524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.5266430377960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778677841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422301","display_name":"Secretin","level":3,"score":0.4558677673339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4392582178115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3763061463832855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.3484199643135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778764654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9618","display_name":"Pancreas","level":2,"score":0.32182687520980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.2638271450996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20116788148880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778563252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170617","display_name":"Glucagon","level":3,"score":0.19108182191848755}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000273","descriptor_name":"Adipose Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005749","descriptor_name":"Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011964","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017667","descriptor_name":"Adipocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00314-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00314-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00314-8","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024320599003148/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175775512","display_name":"Life Sciences","issn_l":"0024-3205","issn":["0024-3205","1879-0631"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Life Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10666005","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10666005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Life sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00314-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00314-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00314-8","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024320599003148/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175775512","display_name":"Life Sciences","issn_l":"0024-3205","issn":["0024-3205","1879-0631"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Life Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2004507897.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2004507897.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190340854","https://openalex.org/W423093862","https://openalex.org/W1270261677","https://openalex.org/W1494665741","https://openalex.org/W1881703484","https://openalex.org/W1914364835","https://openalex.org/W1969932276","https://openalex.org/W1970614604","https://openalex.org/W1971990975","https://openalex.org/W1973591847","https://openalex.org/W1976646759","https://openalex.org/W1976837127","https://openalex.org/W1977215449","https://openalex.org/W1978189960","https://openalex.org/W1978953702","https://openalex.org/W1979251485","https://openalex.org/W1980605472","https://openalex.org/W1984486510","https://openalex.org/W1985154343","https://openalex.org/W1985701473","https://openalex.org/W1987858492","https://openalex.org/W1989573190","https://openalex.org/W1997419732","https://openalex.org/W1997522762","https://openalex.org/W2007785943","https://openalex.org/W2008082500","https://openalex.org/W2010115540","https://openalex.org/W2014777140","https://openalex.org/W2017615174","https://openalex.org/W2020313579","https://openalex.org/W2021603320","https://openalex.org/W2027593203","https://openalex.org/W2028877210","https://openalex.org/W2029050948","https://openalex.org/W2035484352","https://openalex.org/W2037484950","https://openalex.org/W2040058024","https://openalex.org/W2042998170","https://openalex.org/W2043985553","https://openalex.org/W2044380964","https://openalex.org/W2046099014","https://openalex.org/W2046700586","https://openalex.org/W2047022776","https://openalex.org/W2047798798","https://openalex.org/W2048372084","https://openalex.org/W2049016144","https://openalex.org/W2051743127","https://openalex.org/W2051839278","https://openalex.org/W2053586547","https://openalex.org/W2055917708","https://openalex.org/W2057212276","https://openalex.org/W2058839428","https://openalex.org/W2059550182","https://openalex.org/W2060409973","https://openalex.org/W2062195508","https://openalex.org/W2065242482","https://openalex.org/W2065940035","https://openalex.org/W2066538824","https://openalex.org/W2067557421","https://openalex.org/W2067772915","https://openalex.org/W2068382357","https://openalex.org/W2075404533","https://openalex.org/W2084654327","https://openalex.org/W2086161533","https://openalex.org/W2086679261","https://openalex.org/W2089811173","https://openalex.org/W2094128609","https://openalex.org/W2097563200","https://openalex.org/W2102977341","https://openalex.org/W2104763836","https://openalex.org/W2110596588","https://openalex.org/W2114583988","https://openalex.org/W2115778460","https://openalex.org/W2120289021","https://openalex.org/W2121771845","https://openalex.org/W2139470767","https://openalex.org/W2140343620","https://openalex.org/W2163092495","https://openalex.org/W2164252720","https://openalex.org/W2169558934","https://openalex.org/W2171377785","https://openalex.org/W2261250758","https://openalex.org/W2317135713","https://openalex.org/W2319180293","https://openalex.org/W2332386539","https://openalex.org/W2336931002","https://openalex.org/W2406069043","https://openalex.org/W2410446840","https://openalex.org/W2412945936","https://openalex.org/W2417630576","https://openalex.org/W2430158820","https://openalex.org/W4236206923","https://openalex.org/W4237437206","https://openalex.org/W4242134579","https://openalex.org/W4301122543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384165497","https://openalex.org/W2065630761","https://openalex.org/W2047798798","https://openalex.org/W2048076660","https://openalex.org/W2124251664","https://openalex.org/W2021603320","https://openalex.org/W2095235238","https://openalex.org/W2053586547","https://openalex.org/W4407574462","https://openalex.org/W4415190238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,108,238],"gastrointestinal":[1],"hormone,":[2],"gastric":[3,44],"inhibitory":[4,46],"polypeptide":[5,77],"(GIP),":[6],"is":[7,94,111,125,247,251,266,297],"synthesized":[8],"and":[9,14,27,40,68,140,171,219,249,276,290,302,323],"released":[10],"from":[11],"the":[12,100,105,117,132,151,167,185,285,291,318],"duodenum":[13],"proximal":[15],"jejunum":[16],"postprandially.":[17],"Its":[18],"release":[19,67,83,289],"depends":[20,84],"upon":[21,85],"several":[22],"factors":[23,103],"including":[24,131],"meal":[25],"content":[26],"pre-existing":[28],"health":[29],"status":[30],"(ie.":[31],"obesity,":[32],"diabetes,":[33],"age,":[34],"etc.).":[35],"It":[36],"was":[37,72],"initially":[38],"discovered":[39],"named":[41],"for":[42],"its":[43,49,79,288,294,307,314],"acid":[45,203],"properties.":[47],"However,":[48,264],"more":[50],"physiologically":[51],"relevant":[52],"role":[53,165,316],"appears":[54],"to":[55,96,116,150,162,175,183,199,281,312],"be":[56,97,310],"as":[57],"an":[58,86,298],"insulinotropic":[59,76],"agent":[60,301],"with":[61],"a":[62,112,164],"stimulatory":[63],"effect":[64,186],"on":[65,81,189,245,258,274],"insulin":[66,82,177,188,216],"synthesis.":[69],"Accordingly,":[70],"it":[71,143,250],"later":[73],"renamed":[74],"glucose-dependent":[75],"because":[78],"action":[80,241],"increase":[87,215,221],"in":[88,128,148,166,317],"circulating":[89],"levels":[90],"of":[91,99,104,119,169,187,209,223,233,240,242,256,287,293,306,320],"glucose.":[92],"GIP":[93,109,122,179,195,234,257,270,282,296],"considered":[95],"one":[98],"principle":[101],"incretin":[102],"enteroinsular":[106,157],"axis.":[107],"receptor":[110,114,123,217],"G-protein-coupled":[113],"belonging":[115],"family":[118],"secretin/VIP":[120],"receptors.":[121],"mRNA":[124],"widely":[126],"distributed":[127],"peripheral":[129],"organs,":[130],"pancreas,":[133],"gut,":[134],"adipose":[135,193],"tissue,":[136,194],"heart,":[137],"adrenal":[138],"cortex,":[139],"brain,":[141],"suggesting":[142],"may":[144],"have":[145,235],"other":[146],"functions":[147],"addition":[149,174],"ones":[152],"mentioned":[153],"above.":[154],"An":[155],"overactive":[156],"axis":[158],"has":[159,180,196],"been":[160,181,197,236],"suggested":[161],"play":[163],"pathogenesis":[168],"diabetes":[170,321],"obesity.":[172,324],"In":[173,192,227],"stimulating":[176],"release,":[178,295],"shown":[182],"amplify":[184],"target":[190],"tissues.":[191],"reported":[198],"(1)":[200],"stimulate":[201],"fatty":[202,210],"synthesis,":[204],"(2)":[205],"enhance":[206],"insulin-stimulated":[207,224],"incorporation":[208],"acids":[211],"into":[212],"triglycerides,":[213],"(3)":[214],"affinity,":[218],"(4)":[220],"sensitivity":[222],"glucose":[225],"transport.":[226],"addition,":[228],"although":[229],"controversial,":[230],"lipolytic":[231],"properties":[232],"proposed.":[237],"mechanism":[239],"GIP-induced":[243],"effects":[244,255],"adipocytes":[246,259,275],"unknown,":[248],"unclear":[252],"whether":[253],"these":[254,278],"are":[260,272],"direct":[261],"or":[262],"indirect.":[263],"there":[265],"now":[267],"evidence":[268],"that":[269,277],"receptors":[271,279],"expressed":[273],"respond":[280],"stimulation.":[283],"Given":[284],"location":[286],"timing":[292],"ideal":[299],"anabolic":[300],"expanding":[303],"our":[304],"understanding":[305],"physiology":[308],"will":[309],"needed":[311],"determine":[313],"exact":[315],"etiology":[319],"mellitus":[322]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}