{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004465121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.98.043905","title":"Far-Field Generation of Localized Light Fields using Absorbance Modulation","display_name":"Far-Field Generation of Localized Light Fields using Absorbance Modulation","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004465121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.98.043905","mag":"2004465121","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17358771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.043905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.98.043905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.98.043905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017005305","display_name":"Rajesh Menon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-376X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-376X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Menon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. rmenon@nano.mit.edu","Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, #N#USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. rmenon@nano.mit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, #N#USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110615190","display_name":"Hsin-Yu Sidney Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-097X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-097X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsin-Yu Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052109478","display_name":"Samuel W. Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0811-9781","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0811-9781"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel W. Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA","Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,. Massachusetts 02139 (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,. Massachusetts 02139 (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2829,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94894235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"98","issue":"4","first_page":"043905","last_page":"043905"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.7246000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.7246000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12466","display_name":"Near-Field Optical Microscopy","score":0.06199999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11708","display_name":"Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry","score":0.03350000083446503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standing-waves","display_name":"standing waves","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/far-field-optics","display_name":"far-field optics","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-diffraction-limit","display_name":"sub-diffraction limit","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azobenzene","display_name":"azobenzene","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-localization","display_name":"light localization","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoresist-exposure","display_name":"photoresist exposure","score":0.5519999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98015330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907315","display_name":"Absorbance","level":2,"score":0.9346625804901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7354095578193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778113609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10897","display_name":"Lambda","level":2,"score":0.6618976593017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.6167992353439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5797064304351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.5238418579101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020368824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6546192","display_name":"Light intensity","level":2,"score":0.4903688430786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4684261083602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182610534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633620","display_name":"Ray","level":2,"score":0.44577786326408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4299767017364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42544764280319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.34883835911750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.043905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.98.043905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.98.043905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17358771","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17358771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical review letters","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967195140","https://openalex.org/W1990299300","https://openalex.org/W1997453244","https://openalex.org/W2018586229","https://openalex.org/W2029453937","https://openalex.org/W2040389027","https://openalex.org/W2043213677","https://openalex.org/W2056022502","https://openalex.org/W2069687876","https://openalex.org/W2075894065","https://openalex.org/W2077275283","https://openalex.org/W2082906655","https://openalex.org/W2107641848","https://openalex.org/W2107808027","https://openalex.org/W2109168096","https://openalex.org/W2122765624","https://openalex.org/W2144441300","https://openalex.org/W2166190528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018374933","https://openalex.org/W7097776389","https://openalex.org/W2089566770","https://openalex.org/W1997652639","https://openalex.org/W2049511427","https://openalex.org/W1982639145","https://openalex.org/W2022641284","https://openalex.org/W2015477150","https://openalex.org/W2016577830","https://openalex.org/W4285330243"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,31],"this":[1,102,117],"Letter,":[2],"we":[3,83],"report":[4],"the":[5,18,32,77,86,99,108,111,114,121,128],"confinement":[6],"of":[7,11,20,35,66,101,110,123],"a":[8,21,38,43,51,57],"uniform":[9,58],"beam":[10,59],"light":[12,88,125],"(lambda(1)":[13],"=":[14,25],"400":[15],"nm)":[16,27],"at":[17,54,60,72,113],"nodes":[19],"standing":[22,52],"wave":[23,53],"(lambda(2)":[24],"532":[26],"via":[28],"absorbance":[29,36],"modulation.":[30],"present":[33],"implementation":[34],"modulation,":[37],"thin":[39],"polymer":[40],"film":[41],"containing":[42],"photochromic":[44],"azobenzene":[45],"side":[46],"chain":[47],"is":[48,74,104],"exposed":[49],"to":[50],"lambda(2)":[55],"and":[56,68],"lambda(1),":[61],"resulting":[62],"in":[63],"alternate":[64],"regions":[65],"high":[67],"low":[69],"absorbance.":[70],"Light":[71],"lambda(1)":[73],"localized":[75,87],"around":[76],"low-absorbance":[78],"regions.":[79],"Using":[80],"photoresist":[81],"exposures,":[82],"mapped":[84],"out":[85],"intensity":[89],"distribution,":[90],"which":[91],"agrees":[92],"well":[93],"with":[94],"our":[95],"theoretical":[96],"model.":[97],"Since":[98],"width":[100],"distribution":[103],"primarily":[105],"determined":[106],"by":[107],"ratio":[109],"intensities":[112],"two":[115],"wavelengths,":[116],"technique":[118],"opens":[119],"up":[120],"possibility":[122],"localizing":[124],"fields":[126],"below":[127],"diffraction":[129],"limit":[130],"using":[131],"far-field":[132],"optics.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}