{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004458623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","title":"CONCURRENT SCHEDULES: A QUANTITATIVE RELATION BETWEEN CHANGEOVER BEHAVIOR AND ITS CONSEQUENCES","display_name":"CONCURRENT SCHEDULES: A QUANTITATIVE RELATION BETWEEN CHANGEOVER BEHAVIOR AND ITS CONSEQUENCES","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004458623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","mag":"2004458623","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16811983","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1333554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113643375","display_name":"D. Alan Stubbs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. Alan Stubbs","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF MAINE, ORONO","We thank M. Parker, M. Blier, and Dr. H. A. Brown for help with the program for straight line fits"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF MAINE, ORONO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"We thank M. Parker, M. Blier, and Dr. H. A. Brown for help with the program for straight line fits","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046728733","display_name":"Stanley S. Pliskoff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanley S. Pliskoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF MAINE, ORONO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF MAINE, ORONO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110033629","display_name":"Howard M. Reid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard M. Reid","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF MAINE, ORONO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF MAINE, ORONO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113643375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1085,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95225638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"85","last_page":"96"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.8481000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.8481000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.06880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.0340999998152256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrent-schedules","display_name":"concurrent schedules","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-interval-schedules","display_name":"variable-interval schedules","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/changeover-delay","display_name":"changeover delay","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-function","display_name":"power function","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timeout","display_name":"time-out","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pigeons","display_name":"pigeons","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rats","display_name":"rats","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5071912","display_name":"Changeover","level":3,"score":0.9967576265335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31691690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753979","display_name":"Timeout","level":2,"score":0.8529354929924011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.7758848667144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.7067315578460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5662548542022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.5635156631469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49085694551467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4584346413612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4579869508743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.42257004976272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3501797914505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3318721055984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20817831158638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.17185455560684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11342823505401611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07161793112754822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1333554","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1333554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Exp Anal Behav","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:16811983","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16811983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1977.27-85","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2004458623.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2004458623.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W572194083","https://openalex.org/W1603790047","https://openalex.org/W1972405615","https://openalex.org/W1972616981","https://openalex.org/W1975192712","https://openalex.org/W2004355496","https://openalex.org/W2008463690","https://openalex.org/W2011997143","https://openalex.org/W2015964419","https://openalex.org/W2031472577","https://openalex.org/W2039966376","https://openalex.org/W2041284604","https://openalex.org/W2043234809","https://openalex.org/W2054713466","https://openalex.org/W2082447398","https://openalex.org/W2086227074","https://openalex.org/W2133186067","https://openalex.org/W2135886642","https://openalex.org/W2139420917","https://openalex.org/W2150653781","https://openalex.org/W2153288908"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094464569","https://openalex.org/W1975192712","https://openalex.org/W2133186067","https://openalex.org/W1979964327","https://openalex.org/W2162749783","https://openalex.org/W2086187026","https://openalex.org/W7097472024","https://openalex.org/W2907122033","https://openalex.org/W1981434709","https://openalex.org/W2728443176"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0],"from":[1],"several":[2],"published":[3],"experiments":[4,116],"on":[5,19,24],"concurrent":[6,77,89],"variable-interval":[7,73],"schedules":[8,74,86],"were":[9,137],"analyzed":[10],"with":[11],"respect":[12],"to":[13,29,129],"the":[14,20,34,41,44,49,58,70,76,85,88,94,113,118],"effects":[15],"of":[16,43,66,87,93],"changeover":[17,45,95,119,135],"delay":[18,46],"time":[21,38],"spent":[22],"responding":[23],"a":[25,54,121,124],"schedule":[26],"before":[27],"changing":[28],"an":[30],"alternate":[31],"schedule:":[32],"i.e.,":[33],"interchangeover":[35],"time.":[36],"Interchangeover":[37],"increases":[39],"as":[40,104],"duration":[42],"increases,":[47],"and":[48,131],"present":[50],"analysis":[51],"shows":[52],"that":[53],"power":[55,61,109],"function":[56,110],"describes":[57],"relation.":[59],"The":[60],"relation":[62],"applied":[63],"in":[64,69,115],"spite":[65],"numerous":[67],"differences":[68],"experiments:":[71],"different":[72,91,106],"for":[75,84],"pairs;":[78,90],"equal":[79],"or":[80,98,102],"unequal":[81],"reinforcement":[82],"rates":[83],"durations":[92],"delay;":[96],"response-dependent":[97],"response-independent":[99],"reinforcers;":[100],"pigeons":[101],"rats":[103],"subjects;":[105],"reinforcers.":[107],"A":[108],"also":[111,132],"described":[112],"data":[114],"where":[117,123],"incurred":[120],"timeout,":[122],"fixed":[125],"ratio":[126],"was":[127],"required":[128],"changeover,":[130],"when":[133],"asymmetrical":[134],"delays":[136],"used.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}