{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004428814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v4i1.1525","title":"Maize earworm attack as influenced by varying maize spatial arrangement and population in maize-soybean mixture","display_name":"Maize earworm attack as influenced by varying maize spatial arrangement and population in maize-soybean mixture","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004428814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v4i1.1525","mag":"2004428814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/as.v4i1.1525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v4i1.1525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v4i1.1525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406946491","display_name":"Agro-Science","issn_l":"1119-7455","issn":["1119-7455"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agro-Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v4i1.1525","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113667938","display_name":"B. C. Echezona","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B C Echezona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111509338","display_name":"Ch. Iloba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Iloba","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":0.6377000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":0.6377000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.34470000863075256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fall-armyworm","display_name":"Spodoptera frugiperda","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-soybean-intercropping","display_name":"maize-soybean intercropping","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/row-arrangement","display_name":"row arrangement","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-equivalent-ratio","display_name":"land equivalent ratio","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pest-infestation","display_name":"pest infestation","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776451879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292038","display_name":"Infestation","level":2,"score":0.7400617599487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6804375052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781208722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853859","display_name":"Intercropping","level":2,"score":0.6492268443107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.615878701210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.6049859523773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5939253568649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4841776192188263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22508944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568174","display_name":"PEST analysis","level":2,"score":0.4766298532485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993531722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11575","display_name":"Zea mays","level":2,"score":0.44853925704956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.20053473114967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4314/as.v4i1.1525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v4i1.1525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v4i1.1525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406946491","display_name":"Agro-Science","issn_l":"1119-7455","issn":["1119-7455"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agro-Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/as.v4i1.1525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v4i1.1525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v4i1.1525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406946491","display_name":"Agro-Science","issn_l":"1119-7455","issn":["1119-7455"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agro-Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69763191","https://openalex.org/W1585895282","https://openalex.org/W1976790712","https://openalex.org/W2096703113","https://openalex.org/W2103670290","https://openalex.org/W2162752885"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006032813","https://openalex.org/W4412364352","https://openalex.org/W6990647141","https://openalex.org/W2067587579","https://openalex.org/W4386493205","https://openalex.org/W2083108389","https://openalex.org/W7204082820","https://openalex.org/W2145838488","https://openalex.org/W2255490326","https://openalex.org/W2003460691"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,90,150,178],"effect":[1],"of":[2,27,32,42,46,62,66,195],"spatial":[3,182],"arrangement":[4,183],"and":[5,35,39,49,64,96,117,146,155,165,184],"maize":[6,12,29,63,95,101,115,118,147,167,176,188],"population":[7,30,105,145,189],"in":[8,51,70,77,80,139],"maize-soybean":[9],"mixture":[10,207],"on":[11],"earworm":[13,102,116,144],"attack":[14],"was":[15],"studied":[16],"at":[17,106,124,163,174],"Nsukka,":[18],"Nigeria":[19],"for":[20],"four":[21],"years,":[22],"1997-2000.":[23],"treatment":[25],"consisted":[26],"three":[28,40,58,88],"densities":[31],"40,000,":[33],"60,000":[34,127,166],"80,000":[36,107,175],"plants":[37,108,128],"ha-1,":[38],"row-arrangements":[41],"maize:":[43],"soybean":[44,97],"mixtures":[45],"1:1.":[47],"1:2":[48],"1:3":[50],"all":[52,140],"possible":[53],"combinations.":[54],"There":[55],"were":[56,74,137,157,169],"also":[57],"sole":[59],"crop":[60],"populations":[61,123],"one":[65],"soybean.":[67],"This":[68],"resulted":[69],"13":[71],"treatments":[72],"which":[73],"laid":[75],"out":[76],"field":[78],"plots":[79],"a":[81],"Randomized":[82],"Complete":[83],"Block":[84],"Design":[85],"(RCBD)":[86],"with":[87,187],"replications.":[89],"result":[91],"showed":[92],"that":[93],"intercropping":[94],"did":[98,190],"not":[99,191],"reduce":[100],"infestation.":[103],"Maize":[104,200,204],"ha-1":[109,129,168],"significantly":[110,170],"reduced":[111],"the":[112,141,181],"infestation":[113],"by":[114],"cob":[119],"sizes":[120],"compared":[121],"to":[122],"40,000":[125,164],"or":[126],"(P":[130],"=":[131],"0.05).":[132],"Highly":[133],"significant":[134],"positive":[135],"correlations":[136],"established":[138],"years":[142],"between":[143,152],"ear":[148],"sizes.":[149],"correlation":[151],"damage":[153],"incidence":[154],"severity":[156],"inconsistent":[158],"Land":[159],"equivalent":[160],"ratios":[161],"(LER)":[162],"higher":[171],"than":[172],"LER":[173],"ha-1.":[177],"differences":[179],"among":[180],"its":[185],"interaction":[186],"attain":[192],"any":[193],"level":[194],"statistical":[196],"significance.":[197],".":[198],"Keywords:":[199],"earworm,":[201],"Spatial":[202],"arrangement,":[203],"population,":[205],"Maize-Soybean":[206],"Agro-Science":[208],"Vol.":[209],"4":[210],"(1)":[211],"2005:":[212],"pp.":[213],"60-65":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
