{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004409753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/4189-ms","title":"Background to New Formulae for the Ultimate Limit State of Tubular Joints","display_name":"Background to New Formulae for the Ultimate Limit State of Tubular Joints","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004409753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/4189-ms","mag":"2004409753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4043/4189-ms","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/4189-ms","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4043/4189-ms","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306521389","display_name":"Offshore Technology Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Offshore Technology Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037038774","display_name":"Colin J. Billington","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin J. Billington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wimpey Laboratories Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wimpey Laboratories Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071501097","display_name":"Minaz Lalani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minaz Lalani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wimpey Laboratories Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wimpey Laboratories Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036732397","display_name":"Ian E. Tebbett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian E. Tebbett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wimpey Laboratories Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wimpey Laboratories Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.982,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76363636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.7128999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.7128999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10713","display_name":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","score":0.2671000063419342,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipe-joints","display_name":"pipe joints","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultimate-limit-state","display_name":"ultimate limit state","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-strength","display_name":"static strength","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-code-comparison","display_name":"design code comparison","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-margin","display_name":"safety margin","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axial-tension","display_name":"axial tension","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combined-loading","display_name":"combined loading","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data-analysis","display_name":"test data analysis","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welded-joints","display_name":"welded joints","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-configuration","display_name":"joint configuration","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-strength","display_name":"specific strength","score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drag-coefficient","display_name":"drag coefficient","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buoyancy","display_name":"buoyancy","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-protection","display_name":"fire protection","score":0.3230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16995789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564634","display_name":"Limit state design","level":2,"score":0.775152325630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.6205663681030273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779793219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662870","display_name":"Brace","level":2,"score":0.6201045513153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5655298233032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5617656707763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5146476030349731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.4969957172870636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162284963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106102","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","level":2,"score":0.41866835951805115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3793739080429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3311488926410675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19784706830978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4043/4189-ms","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/4189-ms","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4043/4189-ms","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306521389","display_name":"Offshore Technology Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Offshore Technology Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991624160","https://openalex.org/W2059845949","https://openalex.org/W2041616543","https://openalex.org/W7167090721","https://openalex.org/W2080527472","https://openalex.org/W2071906518","https://openalex.org/W2034175806","https://openalex.org/W1972414640","https://openalex.org/W2057581734","https://openalex.org/W2740819105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Tubular":[1],"joints":[2,309,315,334],"constitute":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,19,28,34,42,57,69,78,95,111,117,131,140,151,161,189,206,208,224,241,246,251,266,283,304,337,344,352,361,364,380,400,408,425,435,442,451],"the":[6,14,26,40,58,66,75,93,108,129,136,162,204,209,222,230,260,264,281,285,307,317,342,359,381,390,397,423,432,440,447],"main":[7],"problems":[8],"and":[9,17,23,50,98,170,182,194,217,271,298,316,340,370,394,477],"high":[10,272],"cost":[11],"areas":[12,225],"in":[13,229,321,326,418],"design,":[15],"construction":[16],"maintenance":[18],"steel":[20,253],"offshore":[21,35,243,354],"structures":[22,36,244,355],"have":[24],"been":[25,63,124,386,458],"subject":[27],"considerable":[29],"research":[30,52,228,372],"effort.":[31],"Design":[32,350],"certification":[33,351],"has":[37,62,123,356,385,457],"led":[38,357],"to":[39,107,184,213,221,263,333,358,431,461],"production":[41,360],"many":[43,362],"codes":[44,363],"of-practice":[45],"rules,":[46,366],"regulations,":[47,367],"guidance":[48,368],"notes":[49,369],"published":[51,86,371],"data.":[53],"Recently":[54],"a":[55,114,148,378],"study":[56,81,379,403],"various":[59,382,467],"design":[60,87,199,297,383,420],"documents":[61,88,384,421],"funded":[64,395],"by":[65,396],"UK":[67,398],"Department":[68,399],"Energy,":[70],"with":[71,105,177,197,255,429],"particular":[72],"emphasis":[73],"on":[74,147,166],"static":[76,96,119,156,410,426],"strength":[77,97,120,411,427,464],"joints.":[79,142,376,453],"This":[80,126,219,402,437],"concluded":[82],"that":[83,99],"no":[84],"two":[85],"make":[89],"identical":[90],"recommendations":[91],"for":[92,280,288,301,389,422,466,470],"calculation":[94,424],"there":[100],"are":[101,145,172,191,201,211,324],"major":[102,415],"inconsistencies,":[103],"particularly":[104,428],"regard":[106,430],"inherent":[109,433],"levels":[110,434],"safety.":[112,436],"Therefore":[113],"complete":[115],"review":[116,407],"available":[118,409],"test":[121,157,412],"data":[122,373,413],"undertaken.":[125],"paper":[127,323,438],"presents":[128,439],"derivation":[130,441],"new":[132,443],"formulae":[133,144,200,210,444,465],"which":[134,258,445],"describe":[135,446],"ultimate":[137,231,448],"limit":[138,232,449],"state":[139,233,450],"tubular":[141,314,375,452],"The":[143,159,238,275,295,329],"based":[146,165,179],"statistical":[149,455],"analysis":[150,180,456],"over":[152],"200":[153],"carefully":[154],"screened":[155],"results.":[158],"format":[160],"equations":[163],"is":[164],"brace":[167,338],"member":[168],"loads":[169],"they":[171],"therefore":[173],"both":[174],"directly":[175],"compatible":[176],"computer":[178],"methods":[181],"amenable":[183],"hand":[185],"calculation.":[186],"Appropriate":[187],"margins":[188],"safety":[190],"also":[192,278],"considered":[193],"direct":[195],"comparisons":[196],"existing":[198],"presented.":[202],"Finally,":[203],"ranges":[205],"application":[207],"compared":[212],"typical":[214],"joint":[215,468],"configurations":[216,469],"loading.":[218],"leads":[220],"identification":[223],"where":[226],"future":[227],"should":[234],"be":[235],"directed.":[236],"Introduction":[237],"large":[239],"majority":[240],"steal":[242],"consist":[245],"three":[247],"dimensional":[248],"frames":[249],"composed":[250],"cylindrical":[252],"members":[254,339],"hollow":[256,276],"sections":[257,277],"provide":[259,279],"best":[261],"compromise":[262],"requirements":[265],"low":[267],"drag":[268],"coefficient,":[269],"buoyancy":[270],"strength-to-weight":[273],"ratio.":[274],"possibility":[282],"using":[284],"inner":[286],"space":[287],"transportation,":[289],"fire":[290],"protection,":[291],"or":[292,348],"additional":[293],"strength.":[294],"principal":[296],"fabrication":[299],"problem":[300],"this":[302,322],"form":[303],"structure":[305],"concerns":[306],"welded":[308],"between":[310],"members.":[311],"Typical":[312],"simple":[313],"notation":[318],"system":[319],"used":[320],"shown":[325],"Figure":[327],"1.":[328],"word":[330],"'simple'":[331],"refers":[332],"without":[335,341],"overlap":[336],"use":[343],"gussets,":[345],"diaphragms,":[346],"stiffeners":[347],"grout.":[349],"such":[353],"practice,":[365],"concerning":[374],"Recently,":[377],"carried":[387,459],"out":[388,460],"Underwater":[391],"Engineering":[392],"Group":[393],"Energy.":[401],"included":[404],"an":[405],"exhaustive":[406],"since":[414],"inconsistencies":[416],"exist":[417],"current":[419],"A":[454],"obtain":[462],"characteristic":[463],"axial":[471,473],"tension,":[472],"compression,":[474],"in-plane":[475],"bending":[476,479],"out-of-plane":[478],"loads.":[480]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}