{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004396868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.661","title":"Experimentation with Randomization Restrictions: Targeting Practical Implementation","display_name":"Experimentation with Randomization Restrictions: Targeting Practical Implementation","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004396868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.661","mag":"2004396868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/qre.661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165633816","display_name":"Quality and Reliability Engineering International","issn_l":"0748-8017","issn":["0748-8017","1099-1638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quality and Reliability Engineering International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"James R. Simpson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323276237","display_name":"Florida A&M University - Florida State University College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/01v4tq883","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165","https://openalex.org/I1323276237","https://openalex.org/I8248082"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8248082","display_name":"Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00c4wc133","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8248082"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James R. Simpson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Florida A&M University, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Florida A&M University, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165","https://openalex.org/I1323276237","https://openalex.org/I8248082"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002437523","display_name":"Scott M. Kowalski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott M. Kowalski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Minitab Inc., State College, PA 16801, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minitab Inc., State College, PA 16801, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043610170","display_name":"Drew Landman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2669-2873","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2669-2873"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Drew Landman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165","https://openalex.org/I1323276237","https://openalex.org/I8248082"],"apc_list":{"value":4550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9247891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"481","last_page":"495"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11798","display_name":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11798","display_name":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restricted-randomization","display_name":"restricted randomization","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/split-plot-design","display_name":"split-plot design","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-linear-model","display_name":"general linear model","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-level-factorial-designs","display_name":"two-level factorial designs","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-testing","display_name":"sequential testing","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-tunnel-testing","display_name":"wind tunnel testing","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-efficiency","display_name":"design efficiency","score":0.6309999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316306","display_name":"Restricted randomization","level":4,"score":0.8801082968711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.678314208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167651023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474611","display_name":"Plot (graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6186895370483398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6165366172790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183763347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120976","display_name":"Factorial","level":2,"score":0.5596708059310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993520016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316306","display_name":"Split plot","level":3,"score":0.5326575636863708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204243189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363085","display_name":"Randomization","level":3,"score":0.4706610441207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34559072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334061","display_name":"Design of experiments","level":2,"score":0.4609030485153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169222746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116558","display_name":"Factorial experiment","level":2,"score":0.41315755248069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.412916898727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4107641279697418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2698974609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.20749777555465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1915343701839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17920586466789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08698904514312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.08443772792816162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/qre.661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165633816","display_name":"Quality and Reliability Engineering International","issn_l":"0748-8017","issn":["0748-8017","1099-1638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quality and Reliability Engineering International","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W236410074","https://openalex.org/W1516925883","https://openalex.org/W1566168006","https://openalex.org/W1584130462","https://openalex.org/W1968226729","https://openalex.org/W1997925810","https://openalex.org/W2009309703","https://openalex.org/W2009644885","https://openalex.org/W2066310732","https://openalex.org/W2094350742","https://openalex.org/W2318839421","https://openalex.org/W2949643603","https://openalex.org/W4247501327","https://openalex.org/W4251240133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407141802","https://openalex.org/W2020366953","https://openalex.org/W1516925883","https://openalex.org/W2009309703","https://openalex.org/W319689063","https://openalex.org/W2010976010","https://openalex.org/W2321721097","https://openalex.org/W2118507149","https://openalex.org/W2188452977","https://openalex.org/W7033536372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Randomization,":[1],"one":[2,135],"of":[3,7,26,60,74],"the":[4,159,168],"fundamental":[5],"principles":[6],"statistically":[8],"designed":[9],"experiments,":[10],"is":[11,77,126],"not":[12],"always":[13],"easy":[14],"to":[15,31,36,78,84],"implement":[16],"in":[17,145],"practice.":[18],"In":[19],"fact,":[20],"many":[21],"industrial":[22],"settings":[23],"involve":[24],"factors":[25],"interest":[27],"that":[28],"are":[29],"difficult":[30],"change,":[32],"requiring":[33],"some":[34],"modification":[35],"a":[37,105,111],"completely":[38],"randomized":[39],"test":[40],"sequence.":[41],"Practical":[42],"issues":[43],"associated":[44],"with":[45,81,100],"restricted":[46],"randomization":[47,90],"commonly":[48,129],"arise":[49],"regarding":[50],"design":[51,53],"efficiencies,":[52],"requirements":[54],"for":[55,66,120,128,148,158,166,171],"error":[56],"estimation,":[57],"overall":[58],"ease":[59],"software\u2010assisted":[61],"analysis,":[62],"required":[63,170],"replication,":[64],"tests":[65,153],"nonlinearity,":[67],"and":[68,86,143],"sequential":[69],"testing":[70],"plans.":[71],"The":[72,92,138],"purpose":[73],"this":[75],"paper":[76],"deal":[79],"directly":[80],"these":[82],"roadblocks":[83],"efficient":[85],"effective":[87],"experimentation":[88],"under":[89],"restrictions.":[91],"general":[93,113],"approach":[94],"involves":[95],"modifying":[96],"standard":[97,112],"split\u2010plot":[98,124],"designs":[99,125],"appropriate":[101],"augmentation":[102],"followed":[103],"by":[104],"two\u2010stage":[106],"model":[107,115],"building":[108],"method":[109],"using":[110],"linear":[114],"framework.":[116],"An":[117],"alternative":[118],"procedure":[119],"analyzing":[121],"two\u2010level":[122],"factorial":[123],"provided":[127],"occurring":[130],"situations":[131],"involving":[132],"more":[133],"than":[134],"hard\u2010to\u2010change":[136],"factor.":[137],"proposed":[139],"methods":[140,165],"were":[141],"developed":[142],"implemented":[144],"conducting":[146],"experiments":[147],"wind":[149],"tunnel":[150],"applications.":[151],"These":[152],"serve":[154],"as":[155],"case":[156],"studies":[157],"paper.":[160],"We":[161],"also":[162],"suggest":[163],"possible":[164],"limiting":[167],"replication":[169],"estimating":[172],"whole":[173],"plot":[174],"error.":[175],"Copyright":[176],"\u00a9":[177],"2004":[178],"John":[179],"Wiley":[180],"&":[181],"Sons,":[182],"Ltd.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}