{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004347887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1997.00377.x","title":"Firm Characteristics and the Speed of FDA Approval","display_name":"Firm Characteristics and the Speed of FDA Approval","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004347887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1997.00377.x","mag":"2004347887"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1430-9134.1997.00377.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1997.00377.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1997.00377.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115237062","display_name":"Journal of Economics & Management Strategy","issn_l":"1058-6407","issn":["1058-6407","1430-9134","1530-9134"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economics & Management Strategy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052009801","display_name":"Mary K. Olson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2011-7110","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2011-7110"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mary K. Olson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052009801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"apc_list":{"value":3240,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3240},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0625,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84199364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"377","last_page":"401"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.0835999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12225","display_name":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fda-drug-approval","display_name":"FDA drug approval","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-drug-application","display_name":"new drug applications","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-characteristics","display_name":"firm characteristics","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-decision-making","display_name":"regulatory decision-making","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endogenous-regulation","display_name":"endogenous regulation","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-diversification","display_name":"business diversification","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-intensity","display_name":"R&D intensity","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-reputation","display_name":"corporate reputation","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-quality","display_name":"application quality","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-regulation","display_name":"drug regulation","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-uncertainty","display_name":"regulatory uncertainty","score":0.5220000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018890749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204711","display_name":"Food and drug administration","level":2,"score":0.712410569190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.6729425191879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5900577902793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5855715274810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5469619631767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4757528007030487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.4741605818271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.44703662395477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3000727593898773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.25140100717544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14905765652656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08000659942626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07004809379577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1430-9134.1997.00377.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1997.00377.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1997.00377.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115237062","display_name":"Journal of Economics & Management Strategy","issn_l":"1058-6407","issn":["1058-6407","1430-9134","1530-9134"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economics & Management Strategy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1162/105864097567138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105864097567138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105864097567138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115237062","display_name":"Journal of Economics & Management Strategy","issn_l":"1058-6407","issn":["1058-6407","1430-9134","1530-9134"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economics & Management Strategy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W584474240","https://openalex.org/W1512376141","https://openalex.org/W1577466449","https://openalex.org/W1591091438","https://openalex.org/W1595964953","https://openalex.org/W1919343167","https://openalex.org/W1978648732","https://openalex.org/W1981462143","https://openalex.org/W2017976931","https://openalex.org/W2066057021","https://openalex.org/W2090708863","https://openalex.org/W2102461236","https://openalex.org/W2114412976","https://openalex.org/W2149101205","https://openalex.org/W2162740029","https://openalex.org/W2163089452","https://openalex.org/W2409373214","https://openalex.org/W2915081203","https://openalex.org/W3123271837","https://openalex.org/W4238198865","https://openalex.org/W4293229472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126676723","https://openalex.org/W1954038961","https://openalex.org/W2323702751","https://openalex.org/W1965277459","https://openalex.org/W4238467380","https://openalex.org/W2413163722","https://openalex.org/W3095407746","https://openalex.org/W2017181380","https://openalex.org/W2100193752","https://openalex.org/W4412442933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,117],"paper":[1],"empirically":[2],"examines":[3],"the":[4,10,16,41,142,147],"effect":[5],"of":[6,12,49],"firm\u2010specific":[7,67],"characteristics":[8,68,105],"on":[9],"length":[11],"time":[13],"required":[14],"by":[15],"Food":[17],"and":[18,24,30,39,55,81,95,129],"Drug":[19],"Administration":[20],"(FDA)":[21],"to":[22,66,108,131,141],"review":[23,86,133],"approve":[25],"new\u2010drug":[26,90],"applications":[27,91],"between":[28,53],"1990":[29],"1992.":[31],"The":[32,99,135],"approach":[33],"treats":[34],"regulatory":[35,44],"decisions":[36],"as":[37,46],"endogenous":[38],"explains":[40],"variation":[42],"in":[43,146,150],"behavior":[45],"a":[47,124],"function":[48],"differences":[50],"that":[51,77,102,138],"exist":[52],"firms":[54,76,145],"drugs.":[56],"Results":[57],"show":[58],"that,":[59],"controlling":[60],"for":[61,88],"drug\u2010specific":[62],"characteristics,":[63],"regulators":[64,139],"respond":[65,140],"when":[69],"evaluating":[70],"new":[71],"drug":[72,128],"applications.":[73],"For":[74],"instance,":[75],"are":[78],"less":[79,96],"diversified":[80,94],"more":[82,93],"R&D\u2010inten\u2010sive":[83],"receive":[84],"shorter":[85],"times":[87],"their":[89],"than":[92],"R&D\u2010intensive":[97],"firms.":[98],"reason":[100],"is":[101],"most":[103],"firm":[104,112],"signal":[106],"information":[107,118],"reviewers":[109],"about":[110,122],"either":[111],"reputation":[113],"or":[114,126],"application":[115],"quality.":[116],"reduces":[119],"reviewers'":[120],"uncertainty":[121],"approving":[123],"dangerous":[125],"ineffective":[127],"leads":[130],"faster":[132],"times.":[134],"results":[136],"suggest":[137],"heterogeneities":[143],"among":[144],"pharmaceutical":[148],"market":[149],"systematic":[151],"ways.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}