{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004275877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es048182a","title":"Characteristics of Metals in Nano/Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Particles Collected Beside a Heavily Trafficked Road","display_name":"Characteristics of Metals in Nano/Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Particles Collected Beside a Heavily Trafficked Road","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004275877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es048182a","mag":"2004275877","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16294844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/es048182a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es048182a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es048182a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13479253","display_name":"Environmental Science & Technology","issn_l":"0013-936X","issn":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Science &amp; Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012032124","display_name":"Chih\u2010Chung Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0335-9540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0335-9540"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16566446","display_name":"National Pingtung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01y6ccj36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Chung Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu, PingTung 91201, Taiwan","Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu, PingTung 91201, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002450398","display_name":"Shui\u2010Jen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4540-5066","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4540-5066"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16566446","display_name":"National Pingtung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01y6ccj36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shui-Jen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu, PingTung 91201, Taiwan","Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu, PingTung 91201, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059906975","display_name":"Kuo\u2010Lin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-8234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-8234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16566446","display_name":"National Pingtung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01y6ccj36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuo-Lin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu, PingTung 91201, Taiwan","Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu, PingTung 91201, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023929080","display_name":"Wen\u2010Ing Hwang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64723972","display_name":"Meiho University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cjpzj07","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64723972"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Ing Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho Institute of Technology, Nei Pu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho Institute of Technology, Nei Pu, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64723972"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110064883","display_name":"Guo\u2010Ping Chang\u2010Chien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3560-7470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3560-7470"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91951123","display_name":"Cheng Shiu University","ror":"https://ror.org/011bdtx65","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91951123"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo-Ping Chang-Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91951123"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110214437","display_name":"Wen-Yinn Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Yinn Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Environmental Planning and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Da An 106, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Environmental Planning and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Da An 106, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002450398"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1808,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":350,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96983474,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"21","first_page":"8113","last_page":"8122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.5410000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.5410000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.31520000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.09040000289678574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-related-particulate-matter","display_name":"traffic-related particulate matter","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrafine-particles","display_name":"ultrafine particles","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-particles","display_name":"fine particles","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coarse-particulate-matter","display_name":"coarse particles","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-emissions","display_name":"vehicle emissions","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-exhaust","display_name":"diesel exhaust","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gasoline-exhaust","display_name":"gasoline engine exhaust","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-soot","display_name":"diesel soot","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aitken-mode","display_name":"Aitken mode","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-median-diameter","display_name":"mass median diameter","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silver","display_name":"silver","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"cadmium","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon","display_name":"silicon","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-effects-of-nanoparticles","display_name":"health effects of nanoparticles","score":0.5189999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150032891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7880535","display_name":"Ultrafine particle","level":2,"score":0.8248305320739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144352136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159179","display_name":"Condensation particle counter","level":4,"score":0.5799062848091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61048295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909022","display_name":"Nucleation","level":2,"score":0.5649823546409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775925408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13174856","display_name":"Soot","level":3,"score":0.5510721802711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.5388472080230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187530423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Particle size","level":2,"score":0.5154889225959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.480925053358078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780357685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154357","display_name":"Nano-","level":2,"score":0.47478029131889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.45022672414779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.44958120584487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4381859600543976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103697071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39558","display_name":"Gasoline","level":2,"score":0.4351932406425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3567107617855072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74412414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181155","display_name":"Particle number","level":3,"score":0.3352080285549164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3251240849494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3129711449146271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.2729251980781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.22507908940315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.1089487373828888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.06833937764167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2816523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184","display_name":"Sediment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001335","descriptor_name":"Vehicle Emissions","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001335","descriptor_name":"Vehicle Emissions","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001335","descriptor_name":"Vehicle Emissions","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007558","descriptor_name":"Italy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007558","descriptor_name":"Italy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007558","descriptor_name":"Italy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008670","descriptor_name":"Metals","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010316","descriptor_name":"Particle Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010316","descriptor_name":"Particle Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010316","descriptor_name":"Particle Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036103","descriptor_name":"Nanotechnology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036103","descriptor_name":"Nanotechnology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036103","descriptor_name":"Nanotechnology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/es048182a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es048182a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es048182a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13479253","display_name":"Environmental Science & Technology","issn_l":"0013-936X","issn":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Science &amp; Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16294844","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16294844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental science & technology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324663","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W246530778","https://openalex.org/W645950915","https://openalex.org/W1970501725","https://openalex.org/W1970905162","https://openalex.org/W1971036115","https://openalex.org/W1979564287","https://openalex.org/W1981487092","https://openalex.org/W1997031592","https://openalex.org/W2014564913","https://openalex.org/W2014596047","https://openalex.org/W2014803140","https://openalex.org/W2016440129","https://openalex.org/W2025173879","https://openalex.org/W2034676424","https://openalex.org/W2075288347","https://openalex.org/W2076413924","https://openalex.org/W2083132829","https://openalex.org/W2095087545","https://openalex.org/W2138694896","https://openalex.org/W2153549039","https://openalex.org/W2155928981"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152761325","https://openalex.org/W2979329771","https://openalex.org/W1996912555","https://openalex.org/W1977482557","https://openalex.org/W1999419809","https://openalex.org/W2104509109","https://openalex.org/W2475035010","https://openalex.org/W2111854344","https://openalex.org/W2962880426","https://openalex.org/W2201017635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fine":[0],"particles":[1,50,68,85,111,208,222],"emitted":[2],"from":[3],"vehicles":[4],"have":[5],"adverse":[6],"health":[7,170,251],"effects":[8],"because":[9],"of":[10,74,86,96,235],"their":[11,117],"sizes":[12],"and":[13,42,63,82,107,128,138,164,194,203,219],"chemical":[14],"compositions.":[15],"Therefore,":[16],"this":[17],"study":[18],"attempted":[19],"to":[20,71,116],"characterize":[21],"the":[22,98,158,178,183,187,216],"metals":[23,76,91],"in":[24,109,143,153,177,182,206,221,237],"nano":[25,67,207,238],"(0.010":[26],"<":[27,29,34,39,45,47,144,159,223],"Dp":[28,46],"0.056":[30],"microm),":[31,36,41],"ultrafine":[32,110],"(Dp":[33,38],"0.1":[35,224],"fine":[37],"2.5":[40],"coarse":[43],"(2.5":[44],"10":[48],"microm)":[49],"collected":[51],"near":[52],"a":[53,57,64],"busy":[54],"road":[55],"using":[56],"microorifice":[58],"uniform":[59],"deposition":[60],"impactor":[61],"(MOUDI)":[62],"Nano-MOUDI.":[65],"The":[66,120,196,232],"were":[69,130,209,226],"found":[70],"contain":[72],"more":[73,175,227,240],"traffic-related":[75],"(Pb,":[77],"Cd,":[78,122,193,199],"Cu,":[79,217],"Zn,":[80],"Ba,":[81,104,198],"Ni)":[83],"than":[84,181,245],"other":[87],"sizes,":[88],"although":[89],"crustal":[90,102],"accounted":[92],"for":[93,162,191],"over":[94],"90%":[95],"all":[97],"particulate":[99],"metals.":[100],"Most":[101],"metals,":[103],"Ni,":[105,124],"Pb,":[106,125,200],"Zn":[108,129,173,204],"displayed":[112],"Aitken":[113],"modes":[114],"due":[115],"local":[118],"origins.":[119],"Ag,":[121,192,197],"Cr,":[123],"Sb,":[126,201],"V,":[127,202],"37,":[131],"50,":[132],"28,":[133],"30,":[134],"24,":[135],"64,":[136],"38,":[137],"22%":[139],"by":[140],"mass,":[141],"respectively,":[142],"0.1-microm":[145,160],"particles,":[146,239],"with":[147,212,230,242,246],"submicron":[148],"mass":[149],"median":[150],"diameters":[151],"(MMDs)":[152],"PM(0.01-18)":[154],"(except":[155],"Zn)":[156],"(particularly":[157],"MMDs":[161],"Cd":[163],"Sb).":[165],"These":[166],"levels":[167],"raise":[168],"potential":[169],"issues.":[171],"Particle-bound":[172],"was":[174,189],"abundant":[176],"accumulation":[179],"mode":[180],"nucleation/condensation":[184],"mode,":[185],"but":[186],"opposite":[188],"true":[190],"Sb.":[195],"contents":[205],"strongly":[210,228],"associated":[211,229,241],"diesel":[213,243],"fuel,":[214],"while":[215],"Mn,":[218],"Sr":[220],"microm":[225],"gasoline.":[231],"high":[233],"content":[234],"Si":[236],"soot":[244],"gasoline":[247],"exhaust,":[248],"is":[249],"another":[250],"concern.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":23}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}