{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004249091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100600781612","title":"Religious Basis for Islamic Terrorism: The Quran and Its Interpretations","display_name":"Religious Basis for Islamic Terrorism: The Quran and Its Interpretations","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004249091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100600781612","mag":"2004249091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10576100600781612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100600781612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100600781612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41746314","display_name":"Studies in Conflict and Terrorism","issn_l":"1057-610X","issn":["1057-610X","1521-0731"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087491200","display_name":"Amritha Venkatraman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amritha Venkatraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delhi Policy Group, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delhi Policy Group, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087491200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9274975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"229","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13646","display_name":"Qur\u2019anic Interpretation Studies","score":0.026000000536441803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14110","display_name":"Islamic Studies and Radicalism","score":0.015599999576807022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamist-terrorism","display_name":"jihadist terrorism","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quranic-exegesis","display_name":"Quranic exegesis","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ijtihad","display_name":"ijtihad","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-revival","display_name":"Islamic revivalism","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jihad","display_name":"jihad","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-law","display_name":"Islamic law","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-extremism","display_name":"religious extremism","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterterrorism","display_name":"counterterrorism","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-justification-of-violence","display_name":"religious justification of violence","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/god-s-will","display_name":"divine will","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jihadist-groups","display_name":"jihadist groups","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-tolerance","display_name":"religious tolerance","score":0.47200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.8770168423652649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.6016582250595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.5326193571090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.481246680021286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778582213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375159","display_name":"Indoctrination","level":4,"score":0.4704039692878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.46223101019859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.46006667613983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.45620274543762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168702047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482752","display_name":"Sharia","level":3,"score":0.4500470757484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.42812108993530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3291577398777008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.19897401332855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.19441500306129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.16612759232521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.13671371340751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.1272006630897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10576100600781612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100600781612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100600781612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41746314","display_name":"Studies in Conflict and Terrorism","issn_l":"1057-610X","issn":["1057-610X","1521-0731"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.582.8140","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.582.8140","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://delhipolicygroup.com/pdf/Article.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9200000166893005}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W392036961","https://openalex.org/W591610858","https://openalex.org/W599616054","https://openalex.org/W620544502","https://openalex.org/W1502698198","https://openalex.org/W2074517545","https://openalex.org/W2087933684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1649454136","https://openalex.org/W4252370040","https://openalex.org/W6981684355","https://openalex.org/W7030094089","https://openalex.org/W3136102326","https://openalex.org/W4232069872","https://openalex.org/W3211252339","https://openalex.org/W3211992487","https://openalex.org/W2614644069","https://openalex.org/W223710157"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extreme":[0],"religious":[1,44,104,218,221,297,321,371,645,735,766,852],"interpretations":[2,105,201,206,331,361,871,901],"of":[3,9,17,34,43,50,55,62,78,91,116,129,144,162,202,211,223,232,250,253,262,296,302,332,348,366,377,385,400,424,441,448,473,506,522,565,570,592,609,618,636,668,707,710,743,774,781,795,822,825,844,866,881,902,914],"the":[4,7,13,39,48,60,79,88,95,114,127,142,160,173,203,209,228,237,251,259,300,313,320,333,363,375,391,398,421,446,474,477,481,520,552,568,571,589,616,634,666,673,689,705,708,741,762,765,779,823,867,874,887,937],"Quran":[5,40,68,875],"and":[6,15,57,72,100,106,125,230,242,287,338,359,413,435,480,517,545,567,585,606,613,615,625,675,682,686,737,757,798,829,847,899,934],"movement":[8,30,252,261,309,617],"Islamic":[10,23,65,131,148,177,263,276,305,324,367,381,401,411,433,442,611,619,711,721,744],"Revivalism":[11,254,303,349],"influence":[12,740,764],"emergence":[14,399,742],"progression":[16],"violent":[18,35,163,194,233,425,451,639,648,724,770],"Jihad":[19,36,164,195,216,234,426,649],"in":[20,64,102,146,175,181,214,288,304,350,379,393,427,483,489,546,665,672,746,787,876,886,919],"contemporary":[21,245,260,428,747],"times.":[22,429,748],"\u201cterrorists\u201d":[24],"are":[25,138,340,684,891],"able":[26],"to":[27,58,75,120,154,171,186,258,373,389,416,445,496,688,701,718,761,803,851,860,869,909,921],"legitimize":[28],"their":[29,103,130,199],"as":[31,52,109,134,136,165,190,369,403,531],"an":[32,53,147,176,247,272,344,380,439,720],"act":[33,54,440],"permitted":[37],"by":[38,169,198,268,827,873],"essentially":[41,643],"because":[42,307,839,865],"sanctions":[45],"that":[46,158,265,511,527,663,730,754,768,889,911],"permit":[47],"use":[49,71,115,152,161,184],"violence":[51,99,212,225,241,337,402,412,434,443,681,745],"defense":[56],"preserve":[59,172,374],"will":[61,143,376,467,491,587,600,628,642,716],"God":[63,145,170,378],"communities.":[66],"The":[67,179,220,383,408,504,595,714,820,879],"systematizes":[69],"this":[70,224,280,308,355,386,499,593,598,782,836],"relates":[73],"it":[74,108,404,457,542,556,660,727,750,810,857],"other":[76,626],"aspects":[77],"Shariat":[80,174],"through":[81],"its":[82,317,463,539,788],"discourse":[83,239,315,409],"on":[84,87,98,240,312,336,410,432,450,471,476,494,638,680,695,723,791],"revivalism.":[85,243],"Based":[86],"Quranic":[89,156,314,358],"principle":[90],"ijtihad,":[92],"terrorists":[93,151,183],"emphasize":[94,155],"Quran's":[96,238,334],"tenets":[97,335],"revivalism":[101,339],"present":[107,459,644,719],"a":[110,166,191,215,293,370,460,512,532,651,692,699,731,793,842],"legitimate":[111],"premise":[112,274,461],"for":[113,193,217,275,316,323,462,597,647],"excessive":[117],"aggression.":[118],"According":[119],"ijtihad":[121,153,185],"Muslims":[122,895],"can":[123,396,557],"interpret":[124],"determine":[126,208],"extent":[128,210,301],"practices":[132],"individually":[133],"long":[135],"these":[137,696,775,882,923],"directed":[139,341],"toward":[140,342],"ensuring":[141],"community.":[149,178,382],"Thus":[150],"clauses":[157],"sanction":[159],"method":[167],"ordained":[168],"manner":[180,392],"which":[182,394,555,784,941],"contextualize":[187],"geopolitical":[188,285,352,738],"factors":[189,697,759,776],"cause":[192,229,397,769],"is":[196,266,326,388,405,661,728,777,801,837,841,884,916],"determined":[197],"extreme":[200,248,330,357,755],"Quran.":[204],"These":[205],"also":[207,270],"used":[213,493],"amelioration.":[219],"legitimacy":[222],"prevails":[226],"until":[227],"course":[231],"correlates":[235],"with":[236,554],"In":[244,354,501],"times":[246],"interpretation":[249],"1":[255],"1.":[256],"Refers":[257],"Revivalism.":[264,620],"inspired":[267],"\u201crevivalism\u201d":[269],"provides":[271],"organized":[273],"terrorism.":[277,853],"When":[278],"implemented,":[279],"causes":[281],"variations":[282],"within":[283],"specific":[284,351],"conditions":[286],"different":[289],"Jihadi":[290],"groups.":[291],"However":[292,691],"common":[294],"understanding":[295,667],"doctrines":[298],"determines":[299],"communities":[306],"relies":[310],"heavily":[311],"existence.":[318,464],"Thus,":[319,485],"basis":[322],"terrorism":[325,368,683,712,915],"primarily":[327],"found":[328],"when":[329,632],"obtaining":[343],"equally":[345],"radical":[346,900],"version":[347],"conditions.":[353],"manner,":[356],"Revivalist":[360],"ensure":[362],"ideological":[364],"persistence":[365],"effort":[372,591],"aim":[384,715],"article":[387],"show":[390],"religion":[395,449,612],"known":[406,687],"today.":[407],"counterterrorism":[414],"needs":[415],"be":[417,468,492,515,529,558,588,601,630,717,752,907,928],"urgently":[418],"studied":[419,929],"given":[420],"numerous":[422],"instances":[423],"Many":[430],"writings":[431],"statements":[436],"released":[437],"after":[438],"allude":[444],"impact":[447,635],"Jihad,":[452],"but":[453,541],"they":[454,890,926,942],"rarely":[455],"explore":[456],"or":[458,656,698],"This":[465],"exploration":[466,599],"conducted":[469],"based":[470],"research":[472],"author's":[475],"Kashmir":[478,490],"crisis":[479],"insurgency":[482,488],"it.":[484],"examples":[486],"from":[487,604,650,893,930,936,940],"occasion":[495,792],"illustratively":[497],"develop":[498],"argument.":[500],"his":[502],"book":[503],"Clash":[505,564],"Civilizations,":[507],"Samuel":[508,562],"Huntington":[509],"states":[510],"theory":[513],"must":[514,535,751,927],"causal":[516],"simple.":[518],"Using":[519],"words":[521],"Thomas":[523],"Kuhn,":[524],"he":[525],"explains":[526],"\u201cto":[528],"accepted":[530,662,729],"paradigm":[533],"[it]":[534],"seem":[536],"better":[537],"than":[538,654],"competitors":[540],"need":[543],"not,":[544],"fact":[547,888],"never":[548],"does,":[549],"explain":[550],"all":[551,877,931],"facts":[553],"confronted.\u201d":[559],"2":[560],"2.":[561],"Huntington,":[563],"Civilizations":[566],"Remaking":[569],"World":[572],"Order":[573],"(New":[574],"Delhi:":[575],"Penguin":[576],"Books":[577],"India,":[578],"1996),":[579],"p.":[580],"30.":[581],"Furthering":[582],"such":[583,845],"simplicity":[584],"exploration,":[586],"central":[590],"discourse.":[594],"sources":[596],"mainly":[602,838,864],"derived":[603],"theoretical":[605],"practical":[607],"understandings":[608,736],"terrorism,":[610],"theology,":[614],"A":[621],"comparison":[622],"between":[623,734],"Islam":[624,637],"religions":[627],"not":[629],"presented":[631],"evaluating":[633],"Jihad.":[640,725,771],"It":[641],"premises":[646],"Muslim":[652,674],"rather":[653],"non-Muslim":[655,676],"\u201cWestern\u201d":[657],"perspective;":[658],"although":[659],"parallels":[664],"\u201cviolence\u201d":[669],"do":[670],"exist":[671],"world.":[677],"Non-Muslim":[678],"perspectives":[679],"relevant":[685],"author.":[690],"perpetual":[693],"emphasis":[694],"failure":[700],"acknowledge":[702],"them":[703],"limits":[704],"scope":[706],"study":[709],"itself.":[713],"perspective":[722],"Then,":[726],"complex":[732],"interplay":[733],"events":[739],"Thereafter,":[749],"stated":[753],"psychological":[756],"sociological":[758],"intrinsic":[760],"Jihadis":[763],"choices":[767],"An":[772],"analysis":[773],"outside":[778],"realm":[780],"discourse,":[783],"remains":[785],"political":[786],"scope.":[789],"Further,":[790],"lack":[794],"empirical":[796],"data":[797,846],"non-circumstantial":[799],"evidence":[800,849],"encountered":[802],"substantiate":[804],"some":[805],"contentions":[806],"mentioned":[807],"ahead.":[808],"As":[809],"has":[811],"been":[812],"suggested":[813],"previously":[814],"3":[815],"3.":[816],"Nancy":[817],"C.":[818],"Biggo,":[819],"Rationality":[821],"Use":[824],"Terrorism":[826],"Secular":[828],"Religious":[830],"Groups":[831],"available":[832],"at":[833],"(http://www.dissertations.com),":[834],"2002.":[835],"there":[840],"dearth":[843],"reliable":[848],"pertaining":[850],"At":[854],"certain":[855],"points,":[856],"becomes":[858],"difficult":[859],"validate":[861],"external":[862],"opinions":[863,883],"right":[868],"individual":[870],"vested":[872,885],"Muslims.":[878],"validity":[880],"taken":[892],"informed":[894],"who":[896],"practice":[897],"moderate":[898],"Islam.":[903],"Any":[904],"reader":[905],"may":[906],"expected":[908],"believe":[910],"any":[912],"kind":[913],"unjustifiable.":[917],"However,":[918],"order":[920],"address":[922],"movements":[924],"effectively,":[925],"possible":[932],"dimensions":[933],"especially":[935],"cultural":[938],"contexts":[939],"arise.":[943]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}