{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004234141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2015.73017","title":"A One Century Record of Changes at Nenskra and Nakra River Basins Glaciers, Causasus Mountains, Georgia","display_name":"A One Century Record of Changes at Nenskra and Nakra River Basins Glaciers, Causasus Mountains, Georgia","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004234141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2015.73017","mag":"2004234141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ns.2015.73017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2015.73017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2015.73017","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=54884","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60820437","display_name":"Natural Science","issn_l":"2150-4091","issn":["2150-4091","2150-4105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2004234141"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=54884","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010387404","display_name":"Levan Tielidze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-5458","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-5458"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102808428","display_name":"Tbilisi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fd1hd85","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153786","display_name":"Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/03e86d016","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428","https://openalex.org/I4387153786"]}],"countries":["GE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Levan G. Tielidze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography , Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , Tbilisi , Georgia","Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography , Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , Tbilisi , Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102808428","https://openalex.org/I4387153786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102808428","https://openalex.org/I4387153786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039863609","display_name":"Lela Gadrani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7877-0169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7877-0169"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102808428","display_name":"Tbilisi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fd1hd85","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153786","display_name":"Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/03e86d016","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428","https://openalex.org/I4387153786"]}],"countries":["GE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lela Gadrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography , Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , Tbilisi , Georgia","Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography , Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , Tbilisi , Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102808428","https://openalex.org/I4387153786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102808428","https://openalex.org/I4387153786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083739170","display_name":"Roman M. Kumladze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-3695","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-3695"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102808428","display_name":"Tbilisi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fd1hd85","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153786","display_name":"Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography","ror":"https://ror.org/03e86d016","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428","https://openalex.org/I4387153786"]}],"countries":["GE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Kumladze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography , Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , Tbilisi , Georgia","Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography , Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , Tbilisi , Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102808428","https://openalex.org/I4387153786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102808428","https://openalex.org/I4387153786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010387404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102808428","https://openalex.org/I4387153786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3881,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77291607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"07","issue":"03","first_page":"151","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12577","display_name":"Geography and Environmental Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier-dynamics","display_name":"glacier dynamics","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier-retreat","display_name":"glacier retreat","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greater-caucasus","display_name":"Greater Caucasus","score":0.7950000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.8741389513015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6668356657028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.6191742420196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.617617130279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.49953150749206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4923759698867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.45224225521087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3829992711544037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.34356236457824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.3020266890525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21716949343681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1404368281364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/ns.2015.73017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2015.73017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2015.73017","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=54884","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60820437","display_name":"Natural Science","issn_l":"2150-4091","issn":["2150-4091","2150-4105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.967.2626","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.967.2626","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://file.scirp.org/pdf/NS_2015032016012830.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ns.2015.73017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2015.73017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2015.73017","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=54884","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60820437","display_name":"Natural Science","issn_l":"2150-4091","issn":["2150-4091","2150-4105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2004234141.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2004234141.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2273103082","https://openalex.org/W1896317464","https://openalex.org/W1768515691","https://openalex.org/W2047865930","https://openalex.org/W7024362234","https://openalex.org/W2027465627","https://openalex.org/W1858574980","https://openalex.org/W2581673956"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,146,186],"article":[1],"considers":[2],"the":[3,14,26,30,34,45,54,57,70,75,92,98,105,117,123,128,131,150,164,169,178,194,198,207,213],"variability":[4],"of":[5,16,29,56,59,77,100,108,111,130,133,144,149,182],"Nenskra":[6,18],"and":[7,19,37,79,97,135,157,206],"Nakra":[8,20],"River":[9,21,47],"basins":[10,22],"glaciers\u2019":[11],"parameters":[12],"in":[13,40,42,44,65,83,95,197],"years":[15],"1911-2014.":[17],"are":[23,91,168,209],"located":[24,196],"on":[25,104],"southern":[27,106],"slope":[28,107],"Great":[31,109],"Caucasus,":[32],"between":[33],"Kharikhra,":[35],"Shdavleri":[36],"Tsalgmili":[38],"ranges,":[39],"Georgia,":[41],"particular":[43],"Enguri":[46],"basin.":[48],"In":[49],"our":[50,173],"research":[51],"we":[52],"used":[53,69,116,177],"catalogue":[55],"glaciers":[58,93,134,195],"Georgia":[60],"compiled":[61],"by":[62,140],"K.":[63],"Podozerskiy":[64],"1911.":[66],"We":[67,114,175],"also":[68,115,176,191],"military":[71],"topographic":[72],"maps":[73],"with":[74],"scale":[76],"1:25,000":[78],"1:50,000":[80],"drawn":[81],"up":[82],"1960":[84],"(in":[85],"former":[86],"Soviet":[87],"Union),":[88],"where":[89],"there":[90],"mapped":[94],"detail":[96],"ends":[99],"their":[101,202],"ice":[102],"tongues":[103],"Caucasus":[110],"those":[112],"times.":[113],"remote":[118],"sensing":[119],"method,":[120],"which":[121],"is":[122,138,190],"best":[124],"modern":[125],"way":[126],"for":[127,172],"study":[129],"dynamics":[132,208],"this":[136],"method":[137],"remarkable":[139],"a":[141],"quick":[142],"obtaining":[143],"results.":[145],"spectral":[147],"images":[148],"Landsat":[151],"L8":[152],"OLI/TIRS":[153],"(Operational":[154],"Land":[155],"Imager":[156],"Thermal":[158],"Infrared":[159],"Sensor)":[160],"(USGS)":[161],"received":[162],"from":[163],"\u201cLandsat\u201d":[165],"artificial":[166],"satellite":[167],"necessary":[170],"materials":[171,181],"study.":[174],"field":[179],"survey":[180],"2014":[183],"(GPS":[184],"data).":[185],"latest":[187],"statistical":[188],"information":[189],"given":[192],"about":[193],"individual":[199,214],"river":[200],"basins;":[201],"morphological":[203],"types,":[204],"exposition":[205],"considered":[210],"according":[211],"to":[212],"years.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
