{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004227623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000032","title":"Women, Religion, and Maternal Health Care in Ghana, 1945-2000","display_name":"Women, Religion, and Maternal Health Care in Ghana, 1945-2000","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004227623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000032","mag":"2004227623","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24892862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/fch.0000000000000032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183640780","display_name":"Family & Community Health","issn_l":"0160-6379","issn":["0160-6379","1550-5057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Family & Community Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020743074","display_name":"Lauren G. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4173-3652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4173-3652"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lauren Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia","Funding for this research was provided by the University of Pennsylvania Urban Research Institute Award, the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing's F(our)ULD Undergraduate Research Award, and the University of Pennsylvania URF and Vagelos grants","The authors declare no conflict of interest"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Funding for this research was provided by the University of Pennsylvania Urban Research Institute Award, the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing's F(our)ULD Undergraduate Research Award, and the University of Pennsylvania URF and Vagelos grants","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors declare no conflict of interest","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028185737","display_name":"Barbra Mann Wall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-5697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-5697"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbra Mann Wall","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia","Funding for this research was provided by the University of Pennsylvania Urban Research Institute Award, the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing's F(our)ULD Undergraduate Research Award, and the University of Pennsylvania URF and Vagelos grants","The authors declare no conflict of interest"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Funding for this research was provided by the University of Pennsylvania Urban Research Institute Award, the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing's F(our)ULD Undergraduate Research Award, and the University of Pennsylvania URF and Vagelos grants","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors declare no conflict of interest","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020743074"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94212729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"3","first_page":"223","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13347","display_name":"Christian Theology and Mission","score":0.8241999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13347","display_name":"Christian Theology and Mission","score":0.8241999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.05810000002384186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13456","display_name":"Religion, Society, and Development","score":0.052000001072883606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-missions","display_name":"medical missions","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catholic-missions","display_name":"Catholic missions","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-care","display_name":"maternal care","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-health","display_name":"women's health","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religion-and-health","display_name":"religion and health","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-health","display_name":"community health","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperialism","display_name":"imperialism","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/midwives","display_name":"midwives","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurses","display_name":"nurses","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghana","display_name":"Ghana","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-medicine","display_name":"history of medicine","score":0.546999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777106239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595094","display_name":"Sister","level":2,"score":0.7833048105239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.7134388089179993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6458158493041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4952761232852936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018448503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154968","display_name":"Community health workers","level":4,"score":0.450636088848114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.42524904012680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.4028708338737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3849024474620819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.36820778250694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.35784316062927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3436938226222992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3298201560974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3289949893951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986740045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health services","level":3,"score":0.19961926341056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14372438192367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.10519662499427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0715804398059845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002410","descriptor_name":"Catholicism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003159","descriptor_name":"Community-Institutional Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003466","descriptor_name":"Cultural Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005160","descriptor_name":"Facility Design and Construction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005869","descriptor_name":"Ghana","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006301","descriptor_name":"Health Services Needs and Demand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006694","descriptor_name":"Holistic Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008427","descriptor_name":"Maternal Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008427","descriptor_name":"Maternal Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008921","descriptor_name":"Religious Missions","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009034","descriptor_name":"Mother-Child Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011314","descriptor_name":"Preventive Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011785","descriptor_name":"Quality Assurance, Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012068","descriptor_name":"Religion and Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012579","descriptor_name":"Schools, Nursing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014931","descriptor_name":"Women, Working","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035862","descriptor_name":"Vulnerable Populations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057191","descriptor_name":"Capacity Building","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/fch.0000000000000032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183640780","display_name":"Family & Community Health","issn_l":"0160-6379","issn":["0160-6379","1550-5057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Family & Community Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24892862","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24892862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Family & community health","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.46810001134872437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99899725","https://openalex.org/W1547418029","https://openalex.org/W2006673976","https://openalex.org/W2151279062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7038929795","https://openalex.org/W2508752118","https://openalex.org/W3166393309","https://openalex.org/W3116881010","https://openalex.org/W4241629017","https://openalex.org/W2491807242","https://openalex.org/W4413247283","https://openalex.org/W2561817528","https://openalex.org/W6982055543","https://openalex.org/W2326974643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"documents":[2],"the":[3,21,34,37,51,85,92],"historical":[4],"factors":[5],"that":[6,63,78],"led":[7],"to":[8,84],"shifts":[9],"in":[10,28,47,91],"mission":[11],"work":[12,46],"toward":[13],"a":[14],"greater":[15],"emphasis":[16],"on":[17],"community":[18,88],"health":[19],"for":[20],"poor":[22],"and":[23,44,72,77],"most":[24],"vulnerable":[25],"of":[26,36,54,59,87,94,96],"society":[27],"sub-Saharan":[29],"Africa":[30],"after":[31],"1945.":[32],"Using":[33],"example":[35],"Medical":[38],"Mission":[39],"Sisters":[40],"from":[41],"Philadelphia,":[42],"Pennsylvania,":[43],"their":[45],"Ghana,":[48],"we":[49],"challenge":[50],"conventional":[52],"narrative":[53],"medical":[55],"missions":[56],"as":[57],"agents":[58],"imperialism.":[60],"We":[61],"assert":[62],"missions-particularly":[64],"those":[65,79],"run":[66],"by":[67],"Catholic":[68],"sister":[69],"physicians,":[70],"nurses,":[71],"midwives-have":[73],"changed":[74],"over":[75],"time":[76],"changes":[80],"have":[81],"been":[82],"beneficial":[83],"expansion":[86],"health,":[89],"particularly":[90],"area":[93],"improvement":[95],"maternal":[97],"care.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}