{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004223859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2004.0009","title":"Memento Morbi : Lam Qua's Paintings, Peter Parker's Patients","display_name":"Memento Morbi : Lam Qua's Paintings, Peter Parker's Patients","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004223859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2004.0009","mag":"2004223859","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15264513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/lm.2004.0009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2004.0009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2004.0009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43044738","display_name":"Literature and medicine","issn_l":"0278-9671","issn":["0278-9671","1080-6571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Literature and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stephen Rachman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Rachman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37247822,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"134","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12632","display_name":"Visual Culture and Art Theory","score":0.36469998955726624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12632","display_name":"Visual Culture and Art Theory","score":0.36469998955726624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.17020000517368317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.09610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peter-parker","display_name":"Peter Parker","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-illustration","display_name":"medical illustration","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-patients","display_name":"Chinese patients","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmic-hospitals","display_name":"ophthalmic hospitals","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portraiture","display_name":"portraiture","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nineteenth-century-china","display_name":"19th-century China","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-concealment","display_name":"face concealment","score":0.3619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6241950988769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162462552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134307","display_name":"Portrait","level":2,"score":0.6111866235733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.5843423008918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.4150995910167694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.38458460569381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.3634478449821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.3480595350265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.34335291385650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3144410252571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2676856815814972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008488","descriptor_name":"Medical Illustration","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008512","descriptor_name":"Medicine in the Arts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008921","descriptor_name":"Religious Missions","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010151","descriptor_name":"Paintings","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013502","descriptor_name":"General Surgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/lm.2004.0009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2004.0009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2004.0009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43044738","display_name":"Literature and medicine","issn_l":"0278-9671","issn":["0278-9671","1080-6571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Literature and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15264513","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15264513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Literature and medicine","raw_type":"Biography"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/170315","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/170315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W570186380","https://openalex.org/W584271395","https://openalex.org/W587398342","https://openalex.org/W587665056","https://openalex.org/W594460064","https://openalex.org/W614124600","https://openalex.org/W1530535913","https://openalex.org/W1560675797","https://openalex.org/W1593144036","https://openalex.org/W1594860892","https://openalex.org/W2046010908","https://openalex.org/W2066297514","https://openalex.org/W2069840006","https://openalex.org/W2103203800","https://openalex.org/W2162914265","https://openalex.org/W2332086916","https://openalex.org/W2798394288","https://openalex.org/W3082278815","https://openalex.org/W3196526026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3016309801","https://openalex.org/W4390406340","https://openalex.org/W2977454547","https://openalex.org/W4282936217","https://openalex.org/W4213389093","https://openalex.org/W2162060318","https://openalex.org/W4402923086","https://openalex.org/W7051356039","https://openalex.org/W2402371324","https://openalex.org/W7062620640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"I.":[0],"A":[1,65],"Face":[2],"Withheld":[3],"From":[4],"the":[5,25,46,69,77,81,106,109,125,137,141,143,146,154,157,170,176,200,215,244,257,263,276,279,284,287,312,338,375,390,399,402,447,454,497,501,518,552,557,560,590,597,612,617,620,626,628],"shadows":[6],"of":[7,72,80,108,124,132,156,190,208,231,283,290,294,311,315,352,368,377,404,433,456,469,474,506,521,535,542,556,567,574,579,592,599,604],"an":[8,121,324],"undefined":[9],"space,":[10],"a":[11,17,50,55,98,187,221,229,239,252,270,291,316,347,350,360,386,407,437,523,527,530,533,563,580,587],"room":[12],"featureless":[13],"in":[14,45,57,105,186,256,304,341,363,398,427,446,453,499,514,517,571,589,596],"its":[15,184,232],"darkness,":[16],"shrouded,":[18],"semirecumbent":[19],"figure":[20],"reluctantly":[21],"presents":[22],"itself":[23],"to":[24,34,75,103,139,181,202,205,388,392,442,547],"viewer":[26,138],"(figure":[27],"1).":[28],"The":[29,128,162,225,602],"nineteenth-century":[30,593],"Cantonese":[31],"artist":[32],"known":[33],"westerners":[35],"as":[36,242,248,349,385,415,586,634],"Lam":[37,133,305,422,461,507,576],"Qua":[38],"(Guan":[39],"Qiaochang),":[40],"who":[41,424],"painted":[42],"this":[43,492],"portrait":[44,578],"late":[47,334],"1830s,":[48],"chose":[49],"restricted":[51],"palette.":[52],"It":[53,194],"is":[54,97,211],"study":[56],"black,":[58],"brown,":[59],"and":[60,86,120,145,173,175,192,266,302,328,394,430,435,472,476,479,482,486,489,503,529,532,538,554,559,595],"dull,":[61],"mellow":[62],"flesh":[63],"tones.":[64],"dim":[66],"source":[67],"provides":[68],"bare":[70],"minimum":[71],"light":[73],"necessary":[74],"discern":[76],"flowing":[78],"folds":[79],"figure's":[82],"dark,":[83],"unstructured":[84],"garment":[85],"one":[87,118,210,261,310],"or":[88,166,614],"two":[89,113],"bricks":[90],"(or":[91],"perhaps":[92],"pillows)":[93],"for":[94,199],"support.":[95],"This":[96],"medical":[99,318,383,539,600],"illustration,":[100],"putatively":[101],"made":[102,299],"aid":[104],"understanding":[107],"patient's":[110,126],"condition,":[111],"portraying":[112],"arms":[114],"(one":[115],"horribly":[116],"diseased,":[117],"normal)":[119],"obstructed":[122],"view":[123],"face.":[127],"distinctive":[129],"visual":[130,281],"economy":[131],"Qua's":[134,306,462,508,577],"composition":[135],"invites":[136],"compare":[140],"arms,":[142],"normal":[144],"pathological,":[147],"but":[148],"no":[149],"other":[150],"information,":[151],"not":[152],"even":[153,465],"sex":[155],"patient,":[158],"can":[159],"be":[160,206,374],"determined.1":[161],"patient":[163,245,581,621],"conceals":[164],"his":[165,356],"her":[167,583],"face":[168,584,613],"with":[169,410],"good":[171],"hand":[172,217,222],"arm,":[174],"fingers":[177],"splay":[178],"from":[179],"temple":[180,182],"across":[183],"features":[185],"timeless":[188],"gesture":[189],"grief":[191],"mortification.":[193],"may":[195],"take":[196],"several":[197],"moments":[198],"eye":[201,357],"orient":[203],"itself,":[204],"sure":[207],"what":[209],"looking":[212],"at,":[213],"because":[214],"diseased":[216],"scarcely":[218],"looks":[219],"like":[220,269],"at":[223,295,562],"all.":[224],"growth":[226],"takes":[227],"on":[228],"life":[230],"own.":[233],"Fungoid,":[234],"disklike":[235],"protuberances":[236],"give":[237],"it":[238,249,308],"porcine":[240],"appearance":[241],"if":[243],"held,":[246],"improbable":[247],"must":[250],"seem,":[251],"pig-faced":[253],"puppet.":[254],"Then":[255],"top":[258],"far-left":[259],"corner,":[260],"sees":[262],"trapped":[264],"thumb":[265],"fingers,":[267],"dangling":[268],"helpless":[271],"claw,":[272],"crowded":[273],"out":[274,616],"by":[275,610,624],"tumor,":[277],"establishing":[278],"basic":[280],"sense":[282],"painting.":[285],"Perhaps":[286],"most":[288],"extraordinary":[289],"remarkable":[292],"series":[293],"least":[296],"114":[297],"paintings":[298,463,509],"between":[300,526],"1836":[301],"1852":[303],"studio,":[307],"depicts":[309],"Chinese":[313,391,431,558],"patients":[314,405],"leading":[317],"missionary,":[319],"Rev.":[320],"Dr.":[321],"Peter":[322],"Parker,":[323],"American":[325,561],"Presbyterian":[326],"minister":[327],"physician.2":[329],"[End":[330],"Page":[331],"134]":[332],"In":[333,491],"1835,":[335],"Parker":[336,420],"opened":[337],"Ophthalmic":[339],"Hospital":[340],"Canton":[342],"(Guangzhou).":[343],"He":[344],"soon":[345],"acquired":[346],"reputation":[348],"surgeon":[351],"such":[353,633],"skill":[354],"that":[355,371,515],"infirmary":[358],"became":[359],"general":[361],"hospital":[362],"which":[364,419,500],"he":[365,380],"treated":[366],"thousands":[367,403],"cases.":[369],"Arguing":[370],"medicine":[372],"could":[373],"\"handmaid":[376],"religious":[378],"truth,\"":[379],"offered":[381],"free":[382],"care":[384],"way":[387],"bring":[389],"God":[393],"held":[395],"regular":[396],"services":[397],"hospital.3":[400],"Among":[401],"were":[406,570],"number":[408],"afflicted":[409],"mature":[411],"tumors":[412],"(as":[413],"much":[414],"thirty-five":[416],"years":[417],"old),":[418],"had":[421],"Qua,":[423],"was":[425],"trained":[426],"both":[428],"Western":[429],"styles":[432],"painting":[434,594],"maintained":[436],"busy":[438],"studio":[439],"very":[440],"close":[441],"Parker's":[443,457,548],"hospital,":[444],"paint":[445],"days":[448],"before":[449],"photography.4":[450],"When":[451],"viewed":[452],"context":[455],"corresponding":[458],"case":[459,549],"notes,":[460],"become":[464],"more":[466],"complex":[467],"images":[468],"cultural":[470],"confluence":[471],"exchange,":[473],"East":[475],"West,":[477],"Orient":[478],"Occident,":[480],"portraiture":[481],"clinical":[483,502,606],"documentation,":[484],"Christian":[485],"heathen,":[487],"rich":[488],"poor.":[490],"essay,":[493],"I":[494],"will":[495],"address":[496],"ways":[498],"aesthetic":[504],"values":[505],"are":[510],"intimately":[511],"bound":[512],"up":[513],"confluence,":[516],"fragmented":[519],"histories":[520],"patients,":[522],"cross-cultural":[524],"collaboration":[525,553],"doctor":[528],"painter,":[531],"period":[534],"momentous":[536],"political":[537],"change.":[540],"Analysis":[541],"these":[543,568],"images,":[544],"when":[545,565],"linked":[546],"histories,":[550],"reveals":[551],"contestation":[555],"moment":[564],"notions":[566],"terms":[569],"embryonic":[572],"stages":[573],"development.":[575],"concealing":[582],"stands":[585],"rarity":[588],"history":[591],"annals":[598],"representation.":[601],"conventions":[603],"modern":[605],"representation":[607],"preserve":[608],"anonymity":[609],"cropping":[611],"blacking":[615],"eyes;":[618],"here":[619],"obscures":[622],"identity":[623],"withholding":[625],"gaze,":[627],"visage.":[629],"Despite":[630],"celebrated":[631],"examples":[632],"Rembrandt's":[635],"Dr...":[636]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}