{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004199933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2787622.2787712","title":"Comparing Textual and Block Interfaces in a Novice Programming Environment","display_name":"Comparing Textual and Block Interfaces in a Novice Programming Environment","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004199933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2787622.2787712","mag":"2004199933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2787622.2787712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2787622.2787712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2787622.2787712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407085948","display_name":"ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research (ICER)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the eleventh annual International Conference on International Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064676990","display_name":"Thomas Price","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9375-2292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9375-2292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas W. Price","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083076004","display_name":"Tiffany M. Barnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-9976","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-9976"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiffany Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.4876,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":200,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98738894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"91","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13197","display_name":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14335","display_name":"Educational Robotics and Engineering","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-based-programming","display_name":"block-based programming","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-programming","display_name":"visual programming","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novice-programmers","display_name":"novice programmers","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-education","display_name":"programming education","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface-design","display_name":"interface design","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-task-behavior","display_name":"off-task behavior","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-completion-time","display_name":"task completion time","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-attitudes","display_name":"user attitudes","score":0.4569999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8083903193473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.786014199256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.7338795065879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6616690754890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6574952602386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5478723049163818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.539631724357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.41240280866622925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.378762423992157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1186000406742096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06424805521965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2787622.2787712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2787622.2787712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2787622.2787712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407085948","display_name":"ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research (ICER)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the eleventh annual International Conference on International Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8600000143051147}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7776274","https://openalex.org/W8824676","https://openalex.org/W126897752","https://openalex.org/W1558849540","https://openalex.org/W1572843933","https://openalex.org/W1963815981","https://openalex.org/W1980637464","https://openalex.org/W1986931792","https://openalex.org/W1987429368","https://openalex.org/W1992839463","https://openalex.org/W2004004173","https://openalex.org/W2012761058","https://openalex.org/W2037149633","https://openalex.org/W2040179326","https://openalex.org/W2064189581","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2085998145","https://openalex.org/W2100329249","https://openalex.org/W2109355610","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2119673170","https://openalex.org/W2120640415","https://openalex.org/W2128553127","https://openalex.org/W2130441620","https://openalex.org/W2143670573","https://openalex.org/W2151987636","https://openalex.org/W2172091241","https://openalex.org/W2556547225","https://openalex.org/W2620619620","https://openalex.org/W2997766467","https://openalex.org/W4298884035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2909604546","https://openalex.org/W2630967527","https://openalex.org/W2604166014","https://openalex.org/W6909075120","https://openalex.org/W2772822093","https://openalex.org/W2964965801","https://openalex.org/W2767026290","https://openalex.org/W2800626389","https://openalex.org/W2619648993","https://openalex.org/W2997474213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visual,":[0],"block-based":[1],"programming":[2,10,84],"environments":[3],"present":[4,63],"an":[5],"alternative":[6],"way":[7],"of":[8,36,48,68,71,115],"teaching":[9],"to":[11,29,33,58,76,95],"novices":[12],"and":[13,19,54,112],"have":[14,26],"proven":[15],"successful":[16],"in":[17,119],"classrooms":[18],"informal":[20],"learning":[21],"settings.":[22],"However,":[23],"few":[24],"studies":[25],"been":[27],"able":[28],"attribute":[30],"this":[31,40],"success":[32],"specific":[34],"features":[35],"the":[37,44,51,90,104,116],"environment.":[38],"In":[39],"study,":[41],"we":[42],"isolate":[43],"most":[45],"fundamental":[46],"feature":[47],"these":[49],"environments,":[50],"block":[52,105],"interface,":[53,78],"compare":[55],"it":[56],"directly":[57],"its":[59],"textual":[60],"counterpart.":[61],"We":[62,86],"analysis":[64],"from":[65],"a":[66,82],"study":[67],"two":[69],"groups":[70],"novice":[72],"programmers,":[73],"one":[74],"assigned":[75],"each":[77],"as":[79],"they":[80],"completed":[81,113],"simple":[83],"activity.":[85],"found":[87],"that":[88],"while":[89],"interface":[91,106],"did":[92],"not":[93],"seem":[94],"affect":[96],"users'":[97],"attitudes":[98],"or":[99],"perceived":[100],"difficulty,":[101],"students":[102],"using":[103],"spent":[107],"less":[108,120],"time":[109],"off":[110],"task":[111],"more":[114],"activity's":[117],"goals":[118],"time.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}