{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004154642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10915819109078636","title":"Consideration of Pharmacokinetics and Temporal Sensitivity for Hydroxyurea in Relation to Teratogenic Potential","display_name":"Consideration of Pharmacokinetics and Temporal Sensitivity for Hydroxyurea in Relation to Teratogenic Potential","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004154642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10915819109078636","mag":"2004154642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3109/10915819109078636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10915819109078636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10915819109078636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764762630","display_name":"Journal of the American College of Toxicology","issn_l":"0730-0913","issn":["0730-0913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American College of Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062360453","display_name":"Robert Pryor Beliles","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302368450","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. P. Beliles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of Health and Environmental Assessment RD (689) USEPA 401 M Street SW Washington, DC 20460"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Health and Environmental Assessment RD (689) USEPA 401 M Street SW Washington, DC 20460","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"N. G. Makris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. G. Makris","raw_affiliation_strings":["NGM Consulting, Falls Church, VA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NGM Consulting, Falls Church, VA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103548077","display_name":"William J. Scott","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. J. Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Children's Hospital, Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children's Hospital, Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5592,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65392321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"269","last_page":"278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12229","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies","score":0.9136000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12229","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies","score":0.9136000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11964","display_name":"Pregnancy and Medication Impact","score":0.03519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12547","display_name":"Pharmaceutical studies and practices","score":0.026200000196695328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxyurea","display_name":"hydroxyurea","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teratogenicity","display_name":"teratogenicity","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-pharmacokinetics","display_name":"maternal pharmacokinetics","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compartmental-pharmacokinetic-model","display_name":"compartmental pharmacokinetic model","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interspecies-scaling","display_name":"interspecies scaling","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embryonic-age","display_name":"embryo age","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-dosing","display_name":"repeated dosing","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sickle-cell-disease","display_name":"sickle cell disease","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnant-rats","display_name":"pregnant rats","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhesus-macaques","display_name":"rhesus monkeys","score":0.878000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.855441689491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196843134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196","display_name":"Embryo","level":2,"score":0.6252188682556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.5977879166603088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65290608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631521","display_name":"Teratology","level":4,"score":0.5975895524024963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145103041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151519","display_name":"Embryonic stem cell","level":3,"score":0.48128145933151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87073359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196","display_name":"Embryogenesis","level":3,"score":0.43994471430778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16685009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335057","display_name":"Andrology","level":1,"score":0.4237977862358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.423747718334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.42212098836898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4219067394733429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4130033552646637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.40292292833328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.36260879039764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.35048002004623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.3494035303592682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3086159825325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.10699006915092468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10123839974403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3109/10915819109078636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10915819109078636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10915819109078636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764762630","display_name":"Journal of the American College of Toxicology","issn_l":"0730-0913","issn":["0730-0913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American College of Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966377689","https://openalex.org/W1989080288","https://openalex.org/W1992542423","https://openalex.org/W2016835142","https://openalex.org/W2019091375","https://openalex.org/W2072259217","https://openalex.org/W2317732311","https://openalex.org/W2323938126","https://openalex.org/W2397250210","https://openalex.org/W3084647581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019091375","https://openalex.org/W202388329","https://openalex.org/W3110302153","https://openalex.org/W1486142031","https://openalex.org/W2980110181","https://openalex.org/W1581861423","https://openalex.org/W2983689228","https://openalex.org/W2003209680","https://openalex.org/W2033550032","https://openalex.org/W2410710024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,198,266],"compartmental":[1,38,54],"pharmacokinetic-mathematical":[2],"model":[3],"for":[4,77,149,251],"the":[5,13,44,48,53,68,79,82,85,93,100,103,109,117,133,141,144,176,180,184,194,212,232,244,248,258,287,295],"time-dependent":[6],"distribution":[7],"of":[8,19,43,47,63,127,143,146,157,171,179,186,216,231,243,255,260,270,283,300,313],"hydroxyurea":[9],"(HU)":[10],"in":[11,108,116,175,257,294,308,329],"both":[12,73,78,147],"maternal":[14,33,59,182],"plasma":[15,34],"and":[16,22,37,60,75,81,152,247],"embryonic":[17,61,94,153,187,214,239],"fluids":[18],"pregnant":[20],"rats":[21,118],"rhesus":[23],"monkeys":[24,110],"was":[25,30,89,106,173,196,205,275,304],"developed.":[26],"Across":[27],"species":[28,148],"scaling":[29],"based":[31],"on":[32,168,201,218],"clearance":[35,183],"rates":[36],"sizes":[39],"as":[40,160,223],"a":[41,163,309,320],"percent":[42],"body":[45],"weight":[46],"dam.":[49],"Mathematical":[50],"optimization":[51],"provided":[52],"transfer":[55],"rates.":[56],"The":[57,135,155,229,241],"estimated":[58,206,276,305],"concentrations":[62],"HU":[64,95,113,121,188,217,235,256,273,316],"correlated":[65],"well":[66],"with":[67,140,162,237],"experimental":[69],"pharmacokinetic":[70,245],"data":[71],"regarding":[72],"time":[74,98],"quantity":[76],"rat":[80],"monkey.":[83],"When":[84],"biological":[86],"effective":[87],"dose":[88,101,126,165,269,282,299,312,324],"considered":[90],"to":[91,102,132,193,207,210,234,277,286,306],"be":[92,208],"concentration":[96,189,290],"over":[97],"(AUC),":[99],"individual":[104],"embryos":[105,145],"higher":[107],"(392":[111],"mg":[112,120,129,272,302,315],"hr/L/day)":[114,122],"than":[115],"(69":[119],"at":[123],"an":[124,280],"applied":[125],"100":[128],"HU/kg":[130],"administered":[131],"dams.":[134],"AUC":[136],"doses":[137,159],"are":[138],"consistent":[139],"evaluation":[142],"teratogenic":[150],"changes":[151],"death.":[154],"effect":[156,293],"repeated":[158],"compared":[161],"single":[164,199],"given":[166],"only":[167,204],"one":[169,191],"day":[170,192],"gestation":[172],"examined":[174],"rat.":[177,296],"Because":[178],"rapid":[181],"carryover":[185],"from":[190,279],"next":[195],"minimal.":[197],"treatment":[200,259],"Day":[202],"9":[203,220],"sufficient":[209],"produce":[211],"adverse":[213,327],"effects":[215,328],"Days":[219],"through":[221],"12":[222],"reported":[224],"by":[225],"Wilson":[226],"et":[227],"al.":[228],"sensitivity":[230],"embryo":[233,268,311,323],"decreased":[236],"increasing":[238],"age.":[240],"implications":[242],"simulation":[246],"temporal":[249],"susceptibility":[250],"ongoing":[252],"clinical":[253],"trials":[254],"sickle":[261],"cell":[262],"anemia":[263],"were":[264],"reviewed.":[265],"human":[267,310],"69":[271],"hr/L/day":[274,317],"result":[278,307],"i.v.":[281,298],"10":[284],"mg/kg":[285],"mother.":[288],"This":[289],"produced":[291,326],"no":[292],"An":[297],"50":[301],"HU/mg":[303],"353":[314],"which":[318],"approaches":[319],"Rhesus":[321],"monkey":[322],"that":[325],"all":[330],"embryos.":[331]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
