{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004123988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-05-220921","title":"Sickle cell disease and stroke","display_name":"Sickle cell disease and stroke","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004123988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-05-220921","mag":"2004123988","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19797523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1182/blood-2009-05-220921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-05-220921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-05-220921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200071133","display_name":"Blood","issn_l":"0006-4971","issn":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079094160","display_name":"Luis A. Verduzco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7799-622X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7799-622X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis A. Verduzco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113623635","display_name":"David G. Nathan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David G. Nathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":210,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8285124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"114","issue":"25","first_page":"5117","last_page":"5125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10554","display_name":"Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10554","display_name":"Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11660","display_name":"Blood groups and transfusion","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10693","display_name":"Blood transfusion and management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sickle-cell-disease","display_name":"sickle cell disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-transfusion","display_name":"blood transfusion","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alloimmunization","display_name":"alloimmunization","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-overload","display_name":"iron overload","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-doppler","display_name":"transcranial Doppler","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thalassemia","display_name":"thalassemia","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exchange-transfusion","display_name":"exchange transfusion","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperviscosity","display_name":"hyperviscosity","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-transport","display_name":"oxygen transport","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxyurea","display_name":"hydroxyurea","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetal-hemoglobin","display_name":"fetal hemoglobin","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-wide-association-study","display_name":"genome-wide association study","score":0.7720000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8545691967010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.7876359224319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191616109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3512319","display_name":"Transcranial Doppler","level":2,"score":0.6259632110595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908622408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641166","display_name":"Hyperviscosity","level":3,"score":0.567861020565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780959883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111146","display_name":"Hematocrit","level":2,"score":0.5670052170753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5439609885215759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994203641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5712543","display_name":"Blood viscosity","level":2,"score":0.4972880184650421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779668550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642147","display_name":"Hemoglobinopathy","level":3,"score":0.44920387864112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780014101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183605","display_name":"Blood transfusion","level":2,"score":0.4310641884803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777799968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185137","display_name":"Thalassemia","level":2,"score":0.4187593460083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4088747799396515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3381134271621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3326031565666199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3316856622695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000755","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Sickle Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000755","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Sickle Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000893","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000986","descriptor_name":"Antisickling Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001803","descriptor_name":"Blood Transfusion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004358","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006918","descriptor_name":"Hydroxyurea","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016026","descriptor_name":"Bone Marrow Transplantation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018962","descriptor_name":"Phlebotomy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1182/blood-2009-05-220921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-05-220921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-05-220921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200071133","display_name":"Blood","issn_l":"0006-4971","issn":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19797523","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19797523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":118,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7771717","https://openalex.org/W125334150","https://openalex.org/W138282823","https://openalex.org/W145680385","https://openalex.org/W176663286","https://openalex.org/W207387586","https://openalex.org/W242090125","https://openalex.org/W424467158","https://openalex.org/W1498156640","https://openalex.org/W1513759151","https://openalex.org/W1532075404","https://openalex.org/W1539899731","https://openalex.org/W1565480413","https://openalex.org/W1582190272","https://openalex.org/W1597151660","https://openalex.org/W1751167626","https://openalex.org/W1963845367","https://openalex.org/W1968165696","https://openalex.org/W1968350995","https://openalex.org/W1968389882","https://openalex.org/W1968391383","https://openalex.org/W1968793410","https://openalex.org/W1971259974","https://openalex.org/W1971609984","https://openalex.org/W1974813626","https://openalex.org/W1978116307","https://openalex.org/W1979216961","https://openalex.org/W1979548105","https://openalex.org/W1982235189","https://openalex.org/W1984789764","https://openalex.org/W1989590429","https://openalex.org/W1990482654","https://openalex.org/W1992575642","https://openalex.org/W2002290253","https://openalex.org/W2002358091","https://openalex.org/W2003858256","https://openalex.org/W2004851058","https://openalex.org/W2009558210","https://openalex.org/W2011126283","https://openalex.org/W2013242597","https://openalex.org/W2014867468","https://openalex.org/W2023488100","https://openalex.org/W2027902562","https://openalex.org/W2030225035","https://openalex.org/W2030389669","https://openalex.org/W2031113061","https://openalex.org/W2032459177","https://openalex.org/W2032529142","https://openalex.org/W2036308544","https://openalex.org/W2036878472","https://openalex.org/W2038025545","https://openalex.org/W2041292257","https://openalex.org/W2041613782","https://openalex.org/W2043084465","https://openalex.org/W2044035130","https://openalex.org/W2048176236","https://openalex.org/W2049219999","https://openalex.org/W2049268565","https://openalex.org/W2050711676","https://openalex.org/W2052012061","https://openalex.org/W2052547401","https://openalex.org/W2052616120","https://openalex.org/W2066708380","https://openalex.org/W2069553612","https://openalex.org/W2069812686","https://openalex.org/W2070879341","https://openalex.org/W2076746267","https://openalex.org/W2076805062","https://openalex.org/W2084362743","https://openalex.org/W2086216198","https://openalex.org/W2089519797","https://openalex.org/W2090560958","https://openalex.org/W2091974000","https://openalex.org/W2093499369","https://openalex.org/W2097354544","https://openalex.org/W2111221288","https://openalex.org/W2111886454","https://openalex.org/W2115169225","https://openalex.org/W2116034909","https://openalex.org/W2117054170","https://openalex.org/W2127456885","https://openalex.org/W2130661964","https://openalex.org/W2132297240","https://openalex.org/W2139657682","https://openalex.org/W2142915976","https://openalex.org/W2142935448","https://openalex.org/W2144122564","https://openalex.org/W2145504663","https://openalex.org/W2149866001","https://openalex.org/W2150182456","https://openalex.org/W2152627675","https://openalex.org/W2153928606","https://openalex.org/W2155829072","https://openalex.org/W2157912481","https://openalex.org/W2163707784","https://openalex.org/W2165811661","https://openalex.org/W2195280390","https://openalex.org/W2210051544","https://openalex.org/W2223284527","https://openalex.org/W2312723416","https://openalex.org/W2313541759","https://openalex.org/W2314213298","https://openalex.org/W2323003522","https://openalex.org/W2324143840","https://openalex.org/W2334308892","https://openalex.org/W2341140269","https://openalex.org/W2404264329","https://openalex.org/W2412927650","https://openalex.org/W2416141515","https://openalex.org/W2417514869","https://openalex.org/W2436903794","https://openalex.org/W2471360808","https://openalex.org/W2528381731","https://openalex.org/W3109486178","https://openalex.org/W3141197395","https://openalex.org/W4205578020","https://openalex.org/W4230707000","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985252465","https://openalex.org/W2314215337","https://openalex.org/W1891626881","https://openalex.org/W3007584433","https://openalex.org/W4365459051","https://openalex.org/W4322722491","https://openalex.org/W1973928174","https://openalex.org/W207387586","https://openalex.org/W2078220968","https://openalex.org/W2212470184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Twenty-four":[0],"percent":[1],"of":[2,14,80,104,135,141,154,159,167,199],"sickle":[3],"cell":[4],"disease":[5],"(SCD)":[6],"patients":[7,23,102],"have":[8],"a":[9,96,146],"stroke":[10,20,54,161,194],"by":[11,27,40],"the":[12,121,138,152,165,175],"age":[13],"45":[15],"years.":[16],"Blood":[17],"transfusions":[18,37,111],"decrease":[19],"risk":[21,26,195],"in":[22,61,72,85,115,137,151,164],"deemed":[24],"high":[25],"transcranial":[28,31],"Doppler.":[29],"However,":[30],"Doppler":[32],"has":[33],"poor":[34],"specificity,":[35],"and":[36,42,127,170,196],"are":[38,75,83,112,123],"limited":[39],"alloimmunization":[41,60,81],"iron":[43],"overload.":[44],"Transfusion":[45],"withdrawal":[46],"may":[47,144,173,183],"be":[48],"associated":[49,76],"with":[50,77],"an":[51],"increased":[52],"rebound":[53],"risk.":[55],"Extended":[56],"blood":[57,130],"typing":[58],"decreases":[59],"SCD":[62,101,160],"but":[63,120],"is":[64,134],"not":[65],"universally":[66],"adopted.":[67],"Transfusions":[68],"for":[69,100,177,186],"thalassemia":[70],"begun":[71],"early":[73],"childhood":[74],"lower":[78],"rates":[79],"than":[82,109,149],"seen":[84],"SCD,":[86,142],"suggesting":[87],"immune":[88],"tolerance.":[89],"Optimal":[90],"oxygen":[91,117],"transport":[92,118],"efficiency":[93],"occurs":[94],"at":[95],"relatively":[97],"low":[98],"hematocrit":[99],"because":[103],"hyperviscosity.":[105],"Consequently,":[106],"exchange":[107],"rather":[108],"simple":[110],"more":[113,125,129],"effective":[114],"improving":[116],"efficiency,":[119],"former":[122],"technically":[124],"demanding":[126],"require":[128],"units.":[131],"Although":[132],"viscosity":[133,150],"importance":[136],"noncerebral":[139],"manifestations":[140],"inflammation":[143],"play":[145],"larger":[147],"role":[148],"development":[153],"large-vessel":[155],"stroke.":[156],"The":[157],"future":[158],"management":[162],"lies":[163],"avoidance":[166],"transfusion.":[168,178],"Hydroxyurea":[169],"anti-inflammatory":[171],"measures":[172],"reduce":[174],"need":[176],"Recent":[179],"genome-wide":[180],"association":[181],"studies":[182],"provide":[184],"methods":[185],"modulating":[187],"fetal":[188],"hemoglobin":[189],"production":[190],"enough":[191],"to":[192],"attenuate":[193],"other":[197],"complications":[198],"SCD.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
