{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004117137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2000.50","title":"Role of Environmental vs. Metabolic Factors in the Etiology of Obesity: Time to Focus on the Environment","display_name":"Role of Environmental vs. Metabolic Factors in the Etiology of Obesity: Time to Focus on the Environment","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004117137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2000.50","mag":"2004117137","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10968734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/oby.2000.50","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2000.50","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2000.50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68541908","display_name":"Obesity Research","issn_l":"1071-7323","issn":["1071-7323","1550-8528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obesity Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014339990","display_name":"Michael I. Goran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-6961","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-6961"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael I. Goran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute for Prevention Research University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute for Prevention Research University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109903848","display_name":"Roland L. Weinsier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland L Weinsier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Nutrition Research Center & Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Nutrition Research Center & Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014339990"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"407","last_page":"409"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10489","display_name":"Regulation of Appetite and Obesity","score":0.035999998450279236,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.02630000002682209,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity-etiology","display_name":"obesity etiology","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resting-metabolic-rate","display_name":"resting metabolic rate","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-factors","display_name":"environmental factors","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-rate","display_name":"metabolic rate","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/west-african-populations","display_name":"West African populations","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-homeostasis","display_name":"energy homeostasis","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-expenditure","display_name":"energy expenditure","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-predisposition-to-obesity","display_name":"genetic predisposition to obesity","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity-prevention","display_name":"obesity prevention","score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pima-indians","display_name":"Pima Indians","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-environment","display_name":"food environment","score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.8578563928604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.7424233555793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6345850825309753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5809047222137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.5671063661575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82736064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623293","display_name":"Basal metabolic rate","level":2,"score":0.5306911468505859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.5240243077278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48222267627716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.36040616035461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.258910596370697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2478967308998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001481","descriptor_name":"Basal Metabolism","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001481","descriptor_name":"Basal Metabolism","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001823","descriptor_name":"Body Composition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/oby.2000.50","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2000.50","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2000.50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68541908","display_name":"Obesity Research","issn_l":"1071-7323","issn":["1071-7323","1550-8528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obesity Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10968734","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10968734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obesity research","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930700540","https://openalex.org/W1937158750","https://openalex.org/W1973381792","https://openalex.org/W1991940254","https://openalex.org/W2012646782","https://openalex.org/W2026314749","https://openalex.org/W2042376867","https://openalex.org/W2059743180","https://openalex.org/W2070595704","https://openalex.org/W2091993376","https://openalex.org/W2100209819","https://openalex.org/W2116807562","https://openalex.org/W2140936368","https://openalex.org/W2147184090","https://openalex.org/W2161089476","https://openalex.org/W2186209745","https://openalex.org/W2187754366","https://openalex.org/W2306682780","https://openalex.org/W2321598419","https://openalex.org/W4255185263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1924403830","https://openalex.org/W2059248082","https://openalex.org/W1979658944","https://openalex.org/W1984153086","https://openalex.org/W2084919601","https://openalex.org/W2185449563","https://openalex.org/W2075076573","https://openalex.org/W1650740755","https://openalex.org/W3005751646","https://openalex.org/W2409385980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,25,399,1110,1190],"the":[1,7,18,26,39,69,82,107,119,147,158,241,252,294,304,309,312,326,364,402,410,431,513,530,665,668,681,747,860,869,906,911,930,953,966,982,990,997,1005,1015,1080,1112,1119,1137,1169,1175,1182,1188,1198,1220,1254,1268,1302,1316,1326,1340],"obesity":[2,72,246,904,1116],"research":[3],"literature":[4,295],"and":[5,132,135,177,247,265,371,427,505,509,574,660,726,735,921,941,959,1035,1098,1118,1152,1162,1174,1324,1338],"in":[6,61,68,76,81,88,98,118,128,152,161,202,212,223,251,259,293,366,372,407,489,529,610,646,656,686,837,875,886,903,965,989,1004,1012,1030,1060,1063,1123,1136,1225,1246,1266,1292,1314],"mass":[8,620,696,924,944,962],"media,":[9],"a":[10,42,189,215,276,344,448,471,639,698,713,768,779,801,814,824,922,942,1009,1050,1133,1157,1231,1262,1280],"reduced":[11,305,769],"metabolic":[12,90,93,150,193,218,279,306,349,357,405,420,436,452,538,548,684,717,770,804,816,839,957,976,1044,1055,1087,1140,1234,1283],"rate":[13,94,151,194,307,358,406,421,453,685,771,782,805,817,958,977,1056,1235,1284],"is":[14,284,308,337,430,806,833,909,1026,1057,1258,1289],"probably":[15,457,479],"one":[16,1294],"of":[17,23,29,41,56,71,106,112,138,180,228,236,240,245,311,347,363,401,425,461,463,470,473,486,503,544,627,629,667,701,716,724,731,751,808,847,853,868,878,889,892,905,919,926,939,946,985,1017,1082,1094,1115,1171,1187,1197,1222,1243,1270,1296,1318,1329,1343],"most":[19,993,1341],"frequently":[20,739],"cited":[21],"causes":[22,1251],"obesity.":[24,313,1018,1226,1252],"current":[27,1327],"issue":[28],"Obesity":[30],"Research":[31],"(pp.":[32],"351\u2013359),":[33],"Luke":[34,870,998,1202,1303],"et":[35,1203],"al.":[36,1204],"((1))":[37],"describe":[38],"results":[40,1070],"fascinating":[43],"study":[44,677,871,999,1025,1304],"that":[45,102,146,272,303,325,329,355,447,466,512,591,680,971,1002,1027,1053,1249,1307],"examined":[46,51,104],"this":[47,282,299,316,477,623,950,1024,1074,1108,1271],"hypothesis.":[48],"Specifically,":[49],"they":[50],"whether":[52,767,1248],"genetically":[53,458,893],"related":[54,894],"people":[55,233,1061,1297],"West":[57],"African":[58,115,229,253,273,408,464,490,507,514,592,630,687,986],"origin,":[59],"living":[60,117,127,201,988,1062],"vastly":[62],"different":[63,1291],"environments":[64],"with":[65,231,1067,1299],"large":[66,221,951],"differences":[67,222,645,655,1003,1029,1084],"prevalence":[70,244,1016,1117],"(4%":[73],"to":[74,79,164,184,187,301,323,334,340,445,617,671,708,765,774,784,980,1014,1041,1049,1085,1106,1129,1144,1156,1216,1286],"5%":[75],"Nigeria,":[77],"35%":[78],"50%":[80,362],"United":[83],"States)":[84],"had":[85,914,934],"any":[86,321,1237,1293],"difference":[87,902],"resting":[89,149,192,278,348,356,379,404,451,547,683,803,838,956,975,1043,1054,1086,1139,1233,1282],"rate.":[91,1045,1088,1141],"Low":[92],"has":[95,142,234],"been":[96,144,235],"observed":[97],"many":[99,1210],"cross-sectional":[100,257],"studies":[101,258,289,762,1173,1196,1208,1229],"have":[103,172,182,214,270,275,296,637,661,746,790],"subgroups":[105],"population":[108],"at":[109,175,343,602],"high":[110,178,376,781,815],"risk":[111,179,250],"obesity,":[113,181,426,1330],"including":[114,565,1033],"Americans":[116,274,508,593,688,987],"U.S.":[120,912,991],"((2),":[121,261],"(3),":[122],"(4),":[123],"(5)),":[124],"Pima":[125,199],"Indians":[126,200],"southwestern":[129],"Arizona":[130,213],"((6)),":[131],"children":[133,260,389],"((7))":[134],"infants":[136],"((8))":[137],"overweight":[139,775],"parents.":[140],"It":[141,351],"even":[143],"postulated":[145],"lower":[148,277,403,419,435,542,575,611,682,699,1059,1232],"women":[153,162,501,516,913,932],"((9),":[154],"(10))":[155],"may":[156,414,467,649,689,744,789,1103,1310],"explain":[157,482,981],"higher":[159,243],"adiposity":[160,224,984],"compared":[163,173,1298],"men.":[165],"However,":[166,476],"other":[167,587,973,1072,1238],"more":[168,411,469,520,597,703,738,1146,1194,1218,1312],"detailed":[169,755,1092],"studies,":[170],"which":[171,388,832],"groups":[174,891,908],"low":[176,345,378,450,802,1281],"failed":[183],"find":[185],"evidence":[186,679],"support":[188],"role":[190,1011],"for":[191,753,828,1209],"((11),":[195],"(12)).":[196],"For":[197],"example,":[198],"Mexico":[203],"who":[204,896,933],"are":[205,586,594,763,978,1127,1206,1241,1275],"much":[206,242],"thinner":[207],"than":[208,600,974,1181],"their":[209,418,434,483,618,693],"genetic":[210],"relatives":[211],"very":[216],"similar":[217,1069],"physiology,":[219],"despite":[220],"((13)).":[225],"The":[226,737,786,866,901,992,1165],"comparison":[227,715,888,1228],"American":[230,254,515],"white":[232],"recent":[237,588,676,1068,1113],"interest":[238,585],"because":[239],"obesity-related":[248,1239],"health":[249,793],"population.":[255],"Several":[256,291],"(4)),":[262],"adolescents":[263],"((5)),":[264],"adults":[266],"((14),":[267],"(15),":[268],"(16))":[269],"shown":[271],"rate,":[280,549,840],"although":[281],"observation":[283],"not":[285,481,534,579,595,720,745,812,851,873,1039],"consistent":[286],"across":[287],"all":[288],"((17)).":[290],"papers":[292],"extrapolated":[297],"from":[298,996,1023,1071],"finding":[300,1022,1075],"imply":[302],"cause":[310],"Why":[314],"would":[315,1000],"be":[317,468,690,843,1001,1104,1130,1168,1214,1311],"so?":[318],"Is":[319],"there":[320],"reason":[322],"believe":[324],"homeostatic":[327,825,1273],"regulation":[328,1274],"finely":[330],"matches":[331],"energy":[332,335,368,380,384,581,598,614,625,647,673,880,1095,1160,1163,1255],"intake":[333],"expenditure":[336,369,381,385,1096,1161],"less":[338,566,569,791],"likely":[339,979],"perform":[341],"accurately":[342],"level":[346,750],"rate?":[350,437],"seems":[352,857],"unlikely,":[353],"given":[354],"only":[359,596,721,1276],"explains":[360],"about":[361,1079,1219],"variance":[365],"total":[367,383,576,612],"((18)),":[370],"growing":[373],"children,":[374],"neither":[375],"or":[377,382,546,552,882],"can":[386,841],"predict":[387,818],"will":[390],"gain":[391,488,528,558,1126],"excessive":[392],"body":[393,474,619,695,741,829,883,917,923,937,943,1100,1124,1287],"fat":[394,550,727,918,938,960],"during":[395,606,633],"subsequent":[396,423],"growth":[397],"((12)).":[398],"terms":[400],"Americans,":[409],"fundamental":[412],"questions":[413],"be,":[415],"1)":[416],"does":[417,480,872],"influence":[422,1042],"development":[424],"2)":[428],"what":[429,1148],"mechanism":[432],"underlying":[433],"Regarding":[438,642],"question":[439,643],"#1,":[440],"sufficient":[441],"data":[442,497,589],"now":[443],"exist":[444],"indicate":[446],"relatively":[449,780],"represents":[454],"an":[455,797,915,935,1319],"inherent,":[456],"determined,":[459],"characteristic":[460,478],"persons":[462,628],"origin":[465],"function":[472],"composition.":[475],"greater":[484,556,624,983],"likelihood":[485,666],"weight":[487,521,527,557,809,819,830,848,854,1125],"Americans.":[491],"Our":[492],"recent,":[493],"still":[494],"unpublished":[495],"follow-up":[496],"on":[498,664,1147,1184,1336],"52":[499],"normal-weight":[500],"(mix":[502],"weight-reduced":[504],"never-obese":[506],"whites)":[510],"indicated":[511],"gained":[517],"over":[518],"60%":[519],"after":[522],"just":[523],"1":[524],"year.":[525],"Greater":[526],"women,":[531],"however,":[532],"was":[533,559,963],"predicted":[535,560],"by":[536,561,692,835,1132,1201],"inherent":[537],"characteristics":[539],"such":[540,754],"as":[541,1261],"rates":[543,718],"sleeping":[545],"oxidation,":[551],"insulin":[553],"sensitivity.":[554],"Rather,":[555],"potentially":[562],"modifiable":[563],"factors,":[564,1032],"physical":[567,572,607,634,1036],"strength,":[568],"daily":[570,577,613],"free-living":[571],"activity,":[573,608,635,1037],"(but":[578],"resting)":[580],"expenditure.":[582],"Of":[583],"particular":[584],"suggesting":[590],"efficient":[599],"whites":[601],"rest":[603],"but":[604,653,729,795,850,885,1212],"also":[605,730,813],"resulting":[609],"requirements":[615],"relative":[616,707,1285],"((15)).":[621],"Teleologically,":[622],"efficiency":[626],"ancestry,":[631],"particularly":[632],"must":[636,1007,1213,1332],"offered":[638],"survival":[640],"advantage.":[641],"#2,":[644],"metabolism":[648,881],"simply":[650],"reflect":[651],"subtle":[652],"important":[654,798,1313],"lean":[657,694,725,732],"tissue":[658,706,710,733],"composition":[659,734,742,1101,1288],"no":[662],"bearing":[663],"regulatory":[669],"system":[670],"achieve":[672],"balance.":[674,1189],"A":[675],"provides":[678],"explained":[691,1131],"comprising":[697],"proportion":[700],"metabolically":[702],"active":[704],"organ":[705],"muscle":[709],"((19)).":[711],"Thus,":[712],"thorough":[714],"should":[719,811,1167],"include":[722],"measurements":[723,1093],"tissue,":[728],"distribution.":[736],"used":[740],"techniques":[743],"accuracy":[748],"and/or":[749],"sophistication":[752],"assessment.":[756],"Moreover,":[757],"additional":[758,1021],"carefully":[759],"designed":[760],"prospective":[761],"needed":[764,1105],"examine":[766],"contributes":[772,783],"significantly":[773,1290],"and,":[776],"conversely,":[777],"if":[778,823],"underweight.":[785],"latter":[787],"consideration":[788],"public":[792],"significance,":[794],"raises":[796],"point.":[799],"If":[800,1279],"predictive":[807],"gain,":[810],"loss?":[820],"That":[821],"is,":[822],"set":[826],"point":[827],"exists,":[831],"driven":[834],"variations/adaptations":[836],"it":[842],"unidirectional,":[844],"favoring":[845],"regain":[846],"lost":[849],"re-loss":[852],"gained?":[855],"This":[856,969,1046],"counterintuitive,":[858],"recognizing":[859],"weight-gain":[861],"pattern":[862],"seen":[863],"almost":[864],"worldwide.":[865],"strength":[867],"lie":[874],"its":[876,887],"methods":[877],"assessing":[879],"composition,":[884],"two":[890,907,967],"populations":[895],"live,":[897],"literally,":[898],"worlds":[899],"apart.":[900],"striking:":[910],"average":[916,936],"41.3%":[920],"index":[925,945],"31.4":[927],"kg/m2,":[928],"whereas":[929],"Nigerian":[931],"29.1%":[940],"23.3":[947],"kg/m2.":[948],"Despite":[949],"difference,":[952],"relationship":[954,1081],"between":[955,1159],"free":[961],"identical":[964],"populations.":[968],"suggests":[970,1306],"factors":[972,1154,1223,1309],"evident":[994],"deduction":[995],"environment":[1006],"play":[1008],"powerful":[1010],"contributing":[1013],"An":[1019],"interesting":[1020],"vast":[1028],"environmental":[1031,1308,1345],"diet":[1034],"do":[1038],"seem":[1040],"runs":[1047],"counter":[1048],"popular":[1051],"hypothesis":[1052],"typically":[1058],"tropical":[1064],"regions.":[1065],"Together":[1066],"groups,":[1073],"challenges":[1076],"our":[1077,1172,1334],"knowledge":[1078],"ethnic/cultural":[1083],"As":[1089],"discussed":[1090],"above,":[1091],"components":[1097,1183],"sophisticated":[1099],"measures":[1102],"address":[1107],"issue.":[1109],"summary,":[1111],"rise":[1114],"dramatic":[1120],"secular":[1121],"trend":[1122],"unlikely":[1128],"sudden":[1134],"drop":[1135],"population's":[1138],"We":[1142],"need":[1143,1193],"focus":[1145,1170,1333],"metabolic,":[1149],"genetic,":[1150],"environmental,":[1151],"behavioral":[1153],"lead":[1155],"mismatch":[1158,1166],"intake.":[1164],"dependent":[1176],"variable":[1177],"under":[1178],"investigation,":[1179],"rather":[1180],"either":[1185],"side":[1186],"addition,":[1191],"we":[1192,1331],"comparative":[1195],"type":[1199],"conducted":[1200],"These":[1205],"challenging":[1207],"reasons,":[1211],"done":[1215],"learn":[1217],"complexity":[1221],"involved":[1224],"Simple":[1227],"showing":[1230],"(or":[1236],"phenotype)":[1240],"really":[1242],"little":[1244],"utility":[1245],"determining":[1247],"phenotype":[1250],"Unfortunately,":[1253],"balance":[1256],"principal":[1257],"often":[1259],"portrayed":[1260],"simple":[1263],"concept,":[1264],"when":[1265],"fact":[1267],"details":[1269],"complex":[1272],"vaguely":[1277],"understood.":[1278],"group":[1295],"another,":[1300],"then":[1301],"clearly":[1305],"triggering":[1315],"expression":[1317],"obese":[1320],"phenotype.":[1321],"To":[1322],"prevent":[1323],"reverse":[1325],"epidemic":[1328],"efforts":[1335],"identifying":[1337],"modifying":[1339],"potent":[1342],"these":[1344],"factors.":[1346]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
