{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004113996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341519408581874","title":"Strategies for success: Research organization in German chemical companies and IG Farben until 1936*","display_name":"Strategies for success: Research organization in German chemical companies and IG Farben until 1936*","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004113996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341519408581874","mag":"2004113996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/07341519408581874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341519408581874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341519408581874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124167300","display_name":"History and Technology","issn_l":"0734-1512","issn":["0734-1512","1477-2620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036875641","display_name":"Ulrich Marsch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799391115","display_name":"Deutsches Museum","ror":"https://ror.org/00a7n7g54","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799391115","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich Marsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsches Museum, Graduiertenkolleg, Museumsinsel 1, M\u00fcnchen, 80538, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsches Museum, Graduiertenkolleg, Museumsinsel 1, M\u00fcnchen, 80538, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799391115"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036875641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799391115"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93856113,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"23","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.017100000753998756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ig-farben","display_name":"IG Farben","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-industry","display_name":"chemical industry","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-laboratories","display_name":"research laboratories","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-stations","display_name":"technical stations","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dupont","display_name":"DuPont","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ici","display_name":"ICI","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-chemistry","display_name":"history of chemistry","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-innovation","display_name":"industrial innovation","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.8331588506698608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.806347131729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47778424620628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4445193409919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992686539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207652","display_name":"Chemical company","level":2,"score":0.42318612337112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4221540093421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.39954668283462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3655323386192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.36290857195854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22145801782608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14306700229644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.11408829689025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/07341519408581874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341519408581874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341519408581874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124167300","display_name":"History and Technology","issn_l":"0734-1512","issn":["0734-1512","1477-2620"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.44749999046325684,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45091231","https://openalex.org/W112157928","https://openalex.org/W165061021","https://openalex.org/W183923445","https://openalex.org/W383328208","https://openalex.org/W561583576","https://openalex.org/W562601706","https://openalex.org/W565770818","https://openalex.org/W577388026","https://openalex.org/W593092879","https://openalex.org/W603918369","https://openalex.org/W607892456","https://openalex.org/W627174961","https://openalex.org/W627222394","https://openalex.org/W640348830","https://openalex.org/W641637487","https://openalex.org/W647272104","https://openalex.org/W963161057","https://openalex.org/W1019033498","https://openalex.org/W1518021373","https://openalex.org/W1972500460","https://openalex.org/W1984091279","https://openalex.org/W1991713809","https://openalex.org/W1992687211","https://openalex.org/W1993967552","https://openalex.org/W2006285031","https://openalex.org/W2008374349","https://openalex.org/W2010649021","https://openalex.org/W2017270620","https://openalex.org/W2020456782","https://openalex.org/W2034385733","https://openalex.org/W2045224571","https://openalex.org/W2062352688","https://openalex.org/W2076921423","https://openalex.org/W2088023253","https://openalex.org/W2108698191","https://openalex.org/W2119949535","https://openalex.org/W2126191881","https://openalex.org/W2145711205","https://openalex.org/W2146498671","https://openalex.org/W2314301025","https://openalex.org/W2324622230","https://openalex.org/W2741422944","https://openalex.org/W2787946114","https://openalex.org/W2916033881","https://openalex.org/W4206942429","https://openalex.org/W4230596759","https://openalex.org/W4237294544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7110535000","https://openalex.org/W7130397686","https://openalex.org/W3121709699","https://openalex.org/W189458835","https://openalex.org/W2098453979","https://openalex.org/W2146498671","https://openalex.org/W7100481687","https://openalex.org/W2750775173","https://openalex.org/W2042322925","https://openalex.org/W4230182548"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Merging":[0],"six":[1],"leading":[2],"chemical":[3,100],"companies":[4,101],"to":[5,15,148],"form":[6],"one":[7],"single":[8],"enterprise":[9],"meant":[10],"also":[11],"finding":[12],"adequate":[13],"ways":[14],"coordinate":[16],"more":[17,23,127],"than":[18,24,70,133],"1000":[19],"research":[20,38,95,129],"chemists":[21],"in":[22,35,102,146,154,159],"50":[25],"laboratories":[26],"scattered":[27],"all":[28],"over":[29],"Germany.":[30],"IG":[31,112],"Farben":[32],"was":[33],"successful":[34],"organizing":[36],"corporate":[37,52],"by":[39],"using":[40],"the":[41,46,51,55,59,82,94,98,116,120,155],"experience":[42],"and":[43,63,130,136,157],"structures":[44,96],"of":[45,66,97,115,119,141,150],"former":[47,121],"independent":[48],"companies.":[49],"In":[50,92],"innovative":[53],"process,":[54],"applied":[56],"works":[57],"laboratories,":[58],"large":[60],"Technical":[61],"Stations":[62],"semi\u2010works":[64],"were":[65,145],"much":[67,126],"greater":[68],"importance":[69],"has":[71,89],"so":[72],"far":[73],"been":[74,90],"realized.":[75],"Their":[76],"existence":[77],"goes":[78],"well":[79],"back":[80],"into":[81],"late":[83],"19th":[84],"century,":[85],"but":[86],"their":[87],"role":[88],"neglected.":[91],"analyzing":[93],"core":[99],"Germany":[103],"until":[104],"1925,":[105],"we":[106],"find":[107],"IG's":[108],"organization":[109],"anticipated.":[110],"Though":[111],"used":[113],"most":[114],"traditional":[117],"instruments":[118],"companies,":[122],"it":[123],"pursued":[124],"a":[125],"active":[128],"product":[131],"policy":[132],"known":[134],"today":[135],"developed":[137],"its":[138,151],"own":[139],"concepts":[140],"organized":[142],"research,":[143],"which":[144],"contrast":[147],"those":[149],"competitors,":[152],"DuPont":[153],"USA":[156],"ICI":[158],"Great":[160],"Britain.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}