{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004012716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02275.x","title":"An Assessment of British Science over the Twentieth Century","display_name":"An Assessment of British Science over the Twentieth Century","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004012716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02275.x","mag":"2004012716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02275.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02275.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02275.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45992627","display_name":"The Economic Journal","issn_l":"0013-0133","issn":["0013-0133","1468-0297","1742-0350"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Economic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015768706","display_name":"Bruce A. Weinberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-1803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-1803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bruce A. Weinberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ohio State University, IZA and NBER"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ohio State University, IZA and NBER","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015768706"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":{"value":3384,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4463},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2375,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81102504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"119","issue":"538","first_page":"F252","last_page":"F269"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.8960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.8960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.02019999921321869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.01889999955892563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-science","display_name":"British science","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-leadership","display_name":"scientific leadership","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nobel-laureates","display_name":"Nobel laureates","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-performance","display_name":"science performance","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-adjustment","display_name":"population adjustment","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/20th-century-science","display_name":"20th-century science","score":0.625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5142540335655212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.46508046984672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.36763980984687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3407677114009857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.337266206741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.33152520656585693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08077219128608704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02275.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02275.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02275.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45992627","display_name":"The Economic Journal","issn_l":"0013-0133","issn":["0013-0133","1468-0297","1742-0350"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Economic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.179.1748","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.179.1748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.res.org.uk/economic/freearticles/2009/June09.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ecj:econjl:v:119:y:2009:i:538:p:f252-f269","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02275.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536260248","https://openalex.org/W1581511728","https://openalex.org/W2016001581","https://openalex.org/W2016555005","https://openalex.org/W2024746281","https://openalex.org/W2046389208","https://openalex.org/W2046648421","https://openalex.org/W2063801936","https://openalex.org/W2065204443","https://openalex.org/W2130346914","https://openalex.org/W2423609147","https://openalex.org/W3121527737","https://openalex.org/W3121722162","https://openalex.org/W3121852786","https://openalex.org/W4392038886","https://openalex.org/W6632054008","https://openalex.org/W6679126752","https://openalex.org/W6788639723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043372281","https://openalex.org/W2046648421","https://openalex.org/W2016555005","https://openalex.org/W2909678745","https://openalex.org/W1988777149","https://openalex.org/W2047113923","https://openalex.org/W2084925338","https://openalex.org/W4252848030","https://openalex.org/W2047811016","https://openalex.org/W1972589082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"twentieth":[1],"century":[2],"saw":[3],"dramatic":[4,12],"international":[5],"shifts":[6,13],"in":[7,31,42,46,56],"scientific":[8,92],"leadership.":[9],"Despite":[10],"these":[11,24],"Britain\u2019s":[14],"position":[15],"has":[16],"been":[17],"remarkably":[18],"stable":[19],"and":[20,34,70,76],"strong.":[21],"I":[22,65],"study":[23],"changes":[25],"using":[26],"data":[27,37,69,71],"on":[28],"Nobel":[29],"laureates":[30],"Chemistry,":[32],"Medicine,":[33],"Physics.":[35],"Raw":[36],"show":[38,66],"a":[39],"slight":[40],"decline":[41],"British":[43,59],"science,":[44],"mainly":[45],"physics":[47],"but":[48],"once":[49],"one":[50,88],"accounts":[51],"for":[52,74],"the":[53,57,90],"tremendous":[54],"increase":[55],"US,":[58],"science":[60],"actually":[61],"shows":[62],"strong":[63],"growth.":[64],"that":[67,72],"raw":[68],"adjust":[73],"population":[75],"gross":[77],"domestic":[78],"product":[79],"(per":[80],"capita":[81],"or":[82],"total),":[83],"consistently":[84],"rank":[85],"Britain":[86],"as":[87],"of":[89],"top":[91],"performers.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}