{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004008166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.352942","title":"CAMEO-SIM: a broadband scene generation system that is fit for purpose","display_name":"CAMEO-SIM: a broadband scene generation system that is fit for purpose","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004008166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.352942","mag":"2004008166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.352942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.352942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.352942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104623071","display_name":"Marilyn A. Gilmore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marilyn A. Gilmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Farnborough (United Kingdom)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Farnborough (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111372359","display_name":"Ian R. Moorhead","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian R. Moorhead","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Farnborough (United Kingdom)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Farnborough (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024144634","display_name":"David E. Oxford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David E. Oxford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Farnborough (United Kingdom)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Farnborough (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008800144","display_name":"T. J. Liddicoat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. J. Liddicoat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Farnborough (United Kingdom)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Farnborough (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052724358","display_name":"David R. Filbee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David R. Filbee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunting Engineering, Ltd. (United Kingdom)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunting Engineering, Ltd. (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082492401","display_name":"Colin A. Stroud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin A. Stroud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunting Engineering, Ltd. (United Kingdom)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunting Engineering, Ltd. (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"G. Hutchings","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Hutchings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunting Engineering, Ltd. (United Kingdom)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunting Engineering, Ltd. (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Albert Kirk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Kirk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunting Engineering, Ltd. (United Kingdom)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunting Engineering, Ltd. (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5853,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85820896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12442","display_name":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","score":0.2685999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12442","display_name":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","score":0.2685999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14270","display_name":"Simulation and Modeling Applications","score":0.1378999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.10329999774694443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scene-generation","display_name":"scene generation","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband-imaging","display_name":"broadband imaging","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-thermography","display_name":"infrared thermography","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camouflage-effectiveness","display_name":"camouflage effectiveness","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-rendering","display_name":"3D rendering","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fidelity","display_name":"image fidelity","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"shadow","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-reflectance","display_name":"directional reflectance","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-effects","display_name":"spectral effects","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-effects","display_name":"atmospheric effects","score":0.6859999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.8030308485031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.781176745891571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.7769538164138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.6658991575241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113364801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26674","display_name":"High fidelity","level":2,"score":0.5862184762954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.5589061379432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4828677475452423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.4642435312271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4580584466457367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3699021339416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3425154983997345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.18521583080291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1673460602760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12518930435180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08449125289916992}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.352942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.352942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.352942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013478137","https://openalex.org/W1982207477","https://openalex.org/W298885880","https://openalex.org/W2073422330","https://openalex.org/W2026952167","https://openalex.org/W2078430890","https://openalex.org/W1973121926","https://openalex.org/W1976489529","https://openalex.org/W2033915720","https://openalex.org/W4236869431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,78],"signature":[1],"of":[2,56,70,85,113,186,198],"any":[3,68],"vehicle":[4,58],"does":[5],"not":[6],"exist":[7],"as":[8,43,190],"an":[9],"entity":[10],"in":[11,93,133,160],"its":[12,73,134,148],"own":[13],"right,":[14],"but":[15,61,144],"depends":[16],"on":[17,195],"the":[18,20,23,26,29,54,76,89,121,126,151,161,171,175,184,196,199],"environment,":[19],"interaction":[21],"between":[22],"environment":[24],"and":[25,28,72,82,88,155,182,192],"vehicle,":[27],"background":[30],"against":[31,120],"which":[32],"it":[33,62,138],"is":[34],"detected":[35],"by":[36],"a":[37,44,94,103],"sensor.":[38],"CAMEO-SIM":[39,98],"was":[40,99],"initially":[41],"developed":[42],"broad-band":[45],"(0.4":[46],"-":[47],"14":[48],"micron)":[49],"scene":[50],"generation":[51],"system":[52,105],"for":[53,131],"assessment":[55],"air":[57],"camouflage":[59],"effectiveness,":[60],"can":[63,107,117,139],"be":[64,102,118],"used":[65],"to":[66,101,110],"simulate":[67],"kind":[69],"object":[71],"interactions":[74],"with":[75],"environment.":[77,97],"thermal,":[79],"spectral,":[80],"spatial":[81,156],"directional":[83,193],"effects":[84,157,188],"sources,":[86],"surfaces":[87],"atmosphere":[90],"are":[91,129,164],"modeled":[92],"fully":[95],"three-dimensional":[96],"designed":[100],"scaleable":[104],"that":[106,125,158,178],"produce":[108],"images":[109,127],"different":[111],"levels":[112],"fidelity.":[114],"Rendering":[115],"time":[116],"balanced":[119],"fidelity":[122,136,150],"required":[123],"so":[124],"produced":[128],"'fit":[130],"purpose;'":[132],"lowest":[135],"operation":[137],"create":[140],"real-time":[141],"in-band":[142],"imagery":[143],"when":[145],"operated":[146],"at":[147],"highest":[149],"subtle,":[152],"complex":[153],"spectral":[154],"arise":[159],"real-":[162],"world":[163],"more":[165],"closely":[166],"captured.":[167],"This":[168],"paper":[169],"describes":[170],"current":[172],"system,":[173],"details":[174],"verification":[176],"tests":[177],"have":[179],"been":[180],"undertaken,":[181],"discusses":[183],"significance":[185],"particular":[187],"such":[189],"shadows,":[191],"reflectance,":[194],"accuracy":[197],"final":[200],"image.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}