{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003901296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2000.0008","title":"Explaining Levels of Within-Group Wage Inequality in U.S. Labor Markets","display_name":"Explaining Levels of Within-Group Wage Inequality in U.S. Labor Markets","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003901296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2000.0008","mag":"2003901296","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11086568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/dem.2000.0008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2000.0008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2000.0008","pdf_url":"https://read.dukeupress.edu/demography/article-pdf/37/4/415/884620/415mccall.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30543418","display_name":"Demography","issn_l":"0070-3370","issn":["0070-3370","1533-7790"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Demography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://read.dukeupress.edu/demography/article-pdf/37/4/415/884620/415mccall.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001694837","display_name":"Leslie McCall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7700-3969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7700-3969"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leslie McCall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001694837"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6407,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96672981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"4","first_page":"415","last_page":"415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/within-group-wage-inequality","display_name":"within-group wage inequality","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-inequality","display_name":"wage inequality","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-labor-markets","display_name":"local labor markets","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-wage-inequality","display_name":"regional wage inequality","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-employment","display_name":"flexible employment","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingent-work","display_name":"contingent employment","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration","display_name":"immigration","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-wages","display_name":"women's wages","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-and-trade","display_name":"technology and trade","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.37299999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.7503548860549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6915396451950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994086107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Wage inequality","level":3,"score":0.6806833744049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.660039484500885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.647674560546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.6256612539291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.554498016834259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4553731679916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.446532666683197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.08986574411392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002322","descriptor_name":"Career Mobility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004651","descriptor_name":"Employment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009790","descriptor_name":"Occupations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012456","descriptor_name":"Salaries and Fringe Benefits","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014478","descriptor_name":"Unemployment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014505","descriptor_name":"Urban Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/dem.2000.0008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2000.0008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2000.0008","pdf_url":"https://read.dukeupress.edu/demography/article-pdf/37/4/415/884620/415mccall.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30543418","display_name":"Demography","issn_l":"0070-3370","issn":["0070-3370","1533-7790"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Demography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/2648069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2648069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30543418","display_name":"Demography","issn_l":"0070-3370","issn":["0070-3370","1533-7790"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Demography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11086568","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11086568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Demography","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:demogr:v:37:y:2000:i:4:p:415-430","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1353/dem.2000.0008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/dem.2000.0008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2000.0008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2000.0008","pdf_url":"https://read.dukeupress.edu/demography/article-pdf/37/4/415/884620/415mccall.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30543418","display_name":"Demography","issn_l":"0070-3370","issn":["0070-3370","1533-7790"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Demography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7825999855995178,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2003901296.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2003901296.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70394360","https://openalex.org/W112746892","https://openalex.org/W1484161533","https://openalex.org/W1490959074","https://openalex.org/W1491518236","https://openalex.org/W1494837551","https://openalex.org/W1498201492","https://openalex.org/W1498272423","https://openalex.org/W1520286727","https://openalex.org/W1541949981","https://openalex.org/W1543126952","https://openalex.org/W1550285150","https://openalex.org/W1554719971","https://openalex.org/W1583135678","https://openalex.org/W1607553493","https://openalex.org/W1913342733","https://openalex.org/W1963965317","https://openalex.org/W1971322915","https://openalex.org/W1975383176","https://openalex.org/W1989748059","https://openalex.org/W1989923946","https://openalex.org/W2002050008","https://openalex.org/W2004372121","https://openalex.org/W2010294327","https://openalex.org/W2018162787","https://openalex.org/W2018381609","https://openalex.org/W2018704161","https://openalex.org/W2041505735","https://openalex.org/W2055430854","https://openalex.org/W2056049054","https://openalex.org/W2076861265","https://openalex.org/W2082256041","https://openalex.org/W2099965097","https://openalex.org/W2107497267","https://openalex.org/W2135478129","https://openalex.org/W2136004556","https://openalex.org/W2137695232","https://openalex.org/W2145650389","https://openalex.org/W2152968056","https://openalex.org/W2240202731","https://openalex.org/W2270233281","https://openalex.org/W2465170261","https://openalex.org/W2574775477","https://openalex.org/W2800704152","https://openalex.org/W2886327107","https://openalex.org/W2889260602","https://openalex.org/W2890921200","https://openalex.org/W2892005447","https://openalex.org/W2904658288","https://openalex.org/W2993710316","https://openalex.org/W3121524414","https://openalex.org/W3123019787","https://openalex.org/W3123046637","https://openalex.org/W3123539554","https://openalex.org/W3124846654","https://openalex.org/W3125062562","https://openalex.org/W3125938803","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4371797212","https://openalex.org/W6757215984","https://openalex.org/W6770843337","https://openalex.org/W6774597725","https://openalex.org/W7025290754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2777291770","https://openalex.org/W2800551080","https://openalex.org/W2081083041","https://openalex.org/W4220796361","https://openalex.org/W2170315245","https://openalex.org/W2082256041","https://openalex.org/W1498272423","https://openalex.org/W2105008498","https://openalex.org/W2906515899","https://openalex.org/W1577709454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"research":[1],"on":[2,7,41,99],"earnings":[3],"inequality":[4,31,49,69,93,102],"has":[5,32],"focused":[6],"the":[8,29,42,57,78,82,106],"growing":[9],"gap":[10],"between":[11],"workers":[12],"of":[13,28,46,90,140],"different":[14,18],"races":[15],"and":[16,21,44,114,118,123,131],"at":[17,105],"education,":[19],"age,":[20],"income":[22],"levels,":[23],"but":[24],"a":[25],"large":[26],"portion":[27],"increasing":[30],"actually":[33],"occurred":[34],"within":[35],"these":[36],"groups.":[37],"This":[38],"article":[39],"focuses":[40],"extent":[43],"sources":[45],"\"within-group\"":[47],"wage":[48,68,92,101,142],"in":[50,56,60],"more":[51,73],"than":[52,76],"500":[53],"labor":[54,108],"markets":[55],"United":[58],"States":[59],"1990.":[61],"In":[62],"addition":[63],"to":[64],"documenting":[65],"that":[66,85],"within-group":[67,100,141],"across":[70],"regions":[71],"varies":[72],"widely":[74],"today":[75],"over":[77,94],"past":[79],"several":[80],"decades,":[81],"analysis":[83],"reveals":[84],"two":[86],"frequently":[87],"cited":[88],"explanations":[89],"rising":[91],"time":[95],"have":[96],"little":[97],"impact":[98],"when":[103],"measured":[104],"local":[107,138],"market":[109],"level:":[110],"(1)":[111],"industrial":[112],"shifts":[113],"(2)":[115],"increased":[116],"technology":[117],"trade.":[119],"By":[120],"contrast,":[121],"flexible":[122],"insecure":[124],"employment":[125],"conditions":[126],"(e.g.,":[127],"unemployment,":[128],"contingent":[129],"work,":[130],"immigration)":[132],"are":[133],"associated":[134],"strongly":[135],"with":[136],"high":[137],"levels":[139],"inequality,":[143],"especially":[144],"among":[145],"women.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}